Crimean‑Congo hemorrhagic fever: Risk factors and control measures for the infection abatement (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Saadia Aslam
    • Muhammad Shahzad Latif
    • Muhammad Daud
    • Zia Ur Rahman
    • Bushra Tabassum
    • Muhammad Sohail Riaz
    • Anwar Khan
    • Muhammad Tariq
    • Tayyab Husnain
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: November 18, 2015     https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2015.545
  • Pages: 15-20
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Abstract

Crimean‑Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a vector‑borne viral disease, widely distributed in different regions of the world. The fever is caused by the CCHF virus (CCHFV), which belongs to the Nairovirus genus and Bunyaviridae family. The virus is clustered in seven genotypes, which are Africa‑1, Africa‑2, Africa‑3, Europe‑1, Europe‑2, Asia‑1 and Asia‑2. The virus is highly pathogenic in nature, easily transmissible and has a high case fatality rate of 10‑40%. The reservoir and vector of CCHFV are the ticks of the Hyalomma genus. Therefore, the circulation of this virus depends upon the distribution of the ticks. The virus can be transmitted from tick to animal, animal to human and human to human. The major symptoms include headache, high fever, abdominal pain, myalgia, hypotension and flushed face. As the disease progresses, severe symptoms start appearing, which include petechiae, ecchymosis, epistaxis, bleeding gums and emesis. Enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, antigen detection, serum neutralization and isolation of the virus by cell culture are the diagnostic techniques used for this viral infection. There is no specific antiviral therapy available thus far. However, ribavirin has been approved by the World Health Organization for the treatment of CCHFV infection. Awareness campaigns regarding the risk factors and control measures can aid in reducing the spread of this disease to a greater extent, particularly in developing countries.
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January-2016
Volume 4 Issue 1

Print ISSN: 2049-9434
Online ISSN:2049-9442

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Spandidos Publications style
Aslam S, Latif MS, Daud M, Rahman ZU, Tabassum B, Riaz MS, Khan A, Tariq M and Husnain T: Crimean‑Congo hemorrhagic fever: Risk factors and control measures for the infection abatement (Review). Biomed Rep 4: 15-20, 2016
APA
Aslam, S., Latif, M.S., Daud, M., Rahman, Z.U., Tabassum, B., Riaz, M.S. ... Husnain, T. (2016). Crimean‑Congo hemorrhagic fever: Risk factors and control measures for the infection abatement (Review). Biomedical Reports, 4, 15-20. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2015.545
MLA
Aslam, S., Latif, M. S., Daud, M., Rahman, Z. U., Tabassum, B., Riaz, M. S., Khan, A., Tariq, M., Husnain, T."Crimean‑Congo hemorrhagic fever: Risk factors and control measures for the infection abatement (Review)". Biomedical Reports 4.1 (2016): 15-20.
Chicago
Aslam, S., Latif, M. S., Daud, M., Rahman, Z. U., Tabassum, B., Riaz, M. S., Khan, A., Tariq, M., Husnain, T."Crimean‑Congo hemorrhagic fever: Risk factors and control measures for the infection abatement (Review)". Biomedical Reports 4, no. 1 (2016): 15-20. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2015.545