Open Access

A blood-based gene expression and signaling pathway analysis to differentiate between high and low grade gliomas

  • Authors:
    • Stephen N. Ponnampalam
    • Nor Rizan Kamaluddin
    • Zubaidah Zakaria
    • Vickneswaran Matheneswaran
    • Dharmendra Ganesan
    • Mohammed Saffari Haspani
    • Mina Ryten
    • John A. Hardy
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: November 29, 2016     https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.5285
  • Pages: 10-22
  • Copyright: © Ponnampalam et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The aims of the present study were to undertake gene expression profiling of the blood of glioma patients to determine key genetic components of signaling pathways and to develop a panel of genes that could be used as a potential blood-based biomarker to differentiate between high and low grade gliomas, non-gliomas and control samples. In this study, blood samples were obtained from glioma patients, non-glioma and control subjects. Ten samples each were obtained from patients with high and low grade tumours, respectively, ten samples from non-glioma patients and twenty samples from control subjects. Total RNA was isolated from each sample after which first and second strand synthesis was performed. The resulting cRNA was then hybridized with the Agilent Whole Human Genome (4x44K) microarray chip according to the manufacturer's instructions. Universal Human Reference RNA and samples were labeled with Cy3 CTP and Cy5 CTP, respectively. Microarray data were analyzed by the Agilent Gene Spring 12.1V software using stringent criteria which included at least a 2-fold difference in gene expression between samples. Statistical analysis was performed using the unpaired Student's t-test with a p<0.01. Pathway enrichment was also performed, with key genes selected for validation using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). The gene expression profiling indicated that were a substantial number of genes that were differentially expressed with more than a 2-fold change (p<0.01) between each of the four different conditions. We selected key genes within significant pathways that were analyzed through pathway enrichment. These key genes included regulators of cell proliferation, transcription factors, cytokines and tumour suppressor genes. In the present study, we showed that key genes involved in significant and well established pathways, could possibly be used as a potential blood-based biomarker to differentiate between high and low grade gliomas, non-gliomas and control samples.
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January-2017
Volume 37 Issue 1

Print ISSN: 1021-335X
Online ISSN:1791-2431

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Spandidos Publications style
Ponnampalam SN, Kamaluddin NR, Zakaria Z, Matheneswaran V, Ganesan D, Haspani MS, Ryten M and Hardy JA: A blood-based gene expression and signaling pathway analysis to differentiate between high and low grade gliomas. Oncol Rep 37: 10-22, 2017
APA
Ponnampalam, S.N., Kamaluddin, N.R., Zakaria, Z., Matheneswaran, V., Ganesan, D., Haspani, M.S. ... Hardy, J.A. (2017). A blood-based gene expression and signaling pathway analysis to differentiate between high and low grade gliomas. Oncology Reports, 37, 10-22. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.5285
MLA
Ponnampalam, S. N., Kamaluddin, N. R., Zakaria, Z., Matheneswaran, V., Ganesan, D., Haspani, M. S., Ryten, M., Hardy, J. A."A blood-based gene expression and signaling pathway analysis to differentiate between high and low grade gliomas". Oncology Reports 37.1 (2017): 10-22.
Chicago
Ponnampalam, S. N., Kamaluddin, N. R., Zakaria, Z., Matheneswaran, V., Ganesan, D., Haspani, M. S., Ryten, M., Hardy, J. A."A blood-based gene expression and signaling pathway analysis to differentiate between high and low grade gliomas". Oncology Reports 37, no. 1 (2017): 10-22. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2016.5285