Molecular genetics and targeted therapy of WNT-related human diseases (Review)

Katoh M: WNT and FGF gene clusters (Review). Int J Oncol. 21:1269–1273. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

Katoh M and Katoh M: WNT signaling pathway and stem cell signaling network. Clin Cancer Res. 13:4042–4045. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Niehrs C: The complex world of WNT receptor signalling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 13:767–779. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Yang K, Wang X, Zhang H, Wang Z, Nan G, Li Y, Zhang F, Mohammed MK, Haydon RC, Luu HH, et al: The evolving roles of canonical WNT signaling in stem cells and tumorigenesis: Implications in targeted cancer therapies. Lab Invest. 96:116–136. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar :

Acebron SP and Niehrs C: β-catenin-independent roles of Wnt/LRP6 signaling. Trends Cell Biol. 26:956–967. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Rada P, Rojo AI, Offergeld A, Feng GJ, Velasco-Martín JP, González-Sancho JM, Valverde ÁM, Dale T, Regadera J and Cuadrado A: WNT-3A regulates an Axin1/NRF2 complex that regulates antioxidant metabolism in hepatocytes. Antioxid Redox Signal. 22:555–571. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar :

Katoh M: WNT/PCP signaling pathway and human cancer (Review). Oncol Rep. 14:1583–1588. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

Zhang S, Chen L, Cui B, Chuang HY, Yu J, Wang-Rodriguez J, Tang L, Chen G, Basak GW and Kipps TJ: ROR1 is expressed in human breast cancer and associated with enhanced tumor-cell growth. PLoS One. 7:e311272012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Zhuo W and Kang Y: Lnc-ing ROR1-HER3 and Hippo signalling in metastasis. Nat Cell Biol. 19:81–83. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Medema JP: Cancer stem cells: The challenges ahead. Nat Cell Biol. 15:338–344. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Holland JD, Klaus A, Garratt AN and Birchmeier W: Wnt signaling in stem and cancer stem cells. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 25:254–264. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Lamb R, Bonuccelli G, Ozsvári B, Peiris-Pagès M, Fiorillo M, Smith DL, Bevilacqua G, Mazzanti CM, McDonnell LA, Naccarato AG, et al: Mitochondrial mass, a new metabolic biomarker for stem-like cancer cells: Understanding WNT/FGF-driven anabolic signaling. Oncotarget. 6:30453–30471. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Tam WL and Weinberg RA: The epigenetics of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in cancer. Nat Med. 19:1438–1449. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Ranganathan P, Weaver KL and Capobianco AJ: Notch signalling in solid tumours: A little bit of everything but not all the time. Nat Rev Cancer. 11:338–351. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gonzalez DM and Medici D: Signaling mechanisms of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Sci Signal. 7:re82014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Katoh M and Nakagama H: FGF receptors: Cancer biology and therapeutics. Med Res Rev. 34:280–300. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

Yu M, Ting DT, Stott SL, Wittner BS, Ozsolak F, Paul S, Ciciliano JC, Smas ME, Winokur D, Gilman AJ, et al: RNA sequencing of pancreatic circulating tumour cells implicates WNT signalling in metastasis. Nature. 487:510–513. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Bozdag S, Li A, Riddick G, Kotliarov Y, Baysan M, Iwamoto FM, Cam MC, Kotliarova S and Fine HA: Age-specific signatures of glioblastoma at the genomic, genetic, and epigenetic levels. PLoS One. 8:e629822013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Miyamoto DT, Zheng Y, Wittner BS, Lee RJ, Zhu H, Broderick KT, Desai R, Fox DB, Brannigan BW, Trautwein J, et al: RNA-Seq of single prostate CTCs implicates noncanonical Wnt signaling in antiandrogen resistance. Science. 349:1351–1356. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gu Z, Churchman M, Roberts K, Li Y, Liu Y, Harvey RC, McCastlain K, Reshmi SC, Payne-Turner D, Iacobucci I, et al: Genomic analyses identify recurrent MEF2D fusions in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nat Commun. 7:133312016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Pettinato G, Ramanathan R, Fisher RA, Mangino MJ, Zhang N and Wen X: Scalable differentiation of human iPSCs in a multicellular spheroid-based 3D culture into hepatocyte-like cells through direct Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition. Sci Rep. 6:328882016. View Article : Google Scholar

Motono M, Ioroi Y, Ogura T and Takahashi J: WNT-C59, a small-molecule WNT inhibitor, efficiently induces anterior cortex that includes cortical motor neurons from human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med. 5:552–560. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Matsuno K, Mae SI, Okada C, Nakamura M, Watanabe A, Toyoda T, Uchida E and Osafune K: Redefining definitive endoderm subtypes by robust induction of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Differentiation. 92:281–290. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Mohamed TM, Stone NR, Berry EC, Radzinsky E, Huang Y, Pratt K, Ang YS, Yu P, Wang H, Tang S, et al: Chemical enhancement of in vitro and in vivo direct cardiac reprogramming. Circulation. 135:978–995. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

Tao L, Zhang J, Meraner P, Tovaglieri A, Wu X, Gerhard R, Zhang X, Stallcup WB, Miao J, He X, et al: Frizzled proteins are colonic epithelial receptors for C. difficile toxin B. Nature. 538:350–355. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Collery RF, Volberding PJ, Bostrom JR, Link BA and Besharse JC: Loss of zebrafish mfrp causes nanophthalmia, hyperopia, and accumulation of subretinal macrophages. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 57:6805–6814. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kinzler KW and Vogelstein B: Lessons from hereditary colorectal cancer. Cell. 87:159–170. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Lammi L, Arte S, Somer M, Jarvinen H, Lahermo P, Thesleff I, Pirinen S and Nieminen P: Mutations in AXIN2 cause familial tooth agenesis and predispose to colorectal cancer. Am J Hum Genet. 74:1043–1050. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gala MK, Mizukami Y, Le LP, Moriichi K, Austin T, Yamamoto M, Lauwers GY, Bardeesy N and Chung DC: Germline mutations in oncogene-induced senescence pathways are associated with multiple sessile serrated adenomas. Gastroenterology. 146:520–529. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Muzny DM, Bainbridge MN, Chang K, Dinh HH, Drummond JA, Fowler G, Kovar CL, Lewis LR, Morgan MB, Newsham IF, et al Cancer Genome Atlas Network: Comprehensive molecular characterization of human colon and rectal cancer. Nature. 487:330–337. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

Giannakis M, Mu XJ, Shukla SA, Qian ZR, Cohen O, Nishihara R, Bahl S, Cao Y, Amin-Mansour A, Yamauchi M, et al: Genomic correlates of immune-cell infiltrates in colorectal carcinoma. Cell Rep. 15:857–865. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar :

Seshagiri S, Stawiski EW, Durinck S, Modrusan Z, Storm EE, Conboy CB, Chaudhuri S, Guan Y, Janakiraman V, Jaiswal BS, et al: Recurrent R-spondin fusions in colon cancer. Nature. 488:660–664. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Ciriello G, Gatza ML, Beck AH, Wilkerson MD, Rhie SK, Pastore A, Zhang H, McLellan M, Yau C, Kandoth C, et al TCGA Research Network: Comprehensive molecular portraits of invasive lobular breast cancer. Cell. 163:506–519. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Bass AJ, Thorsson V, Shmulevich I, Reynolds SM, Miller M, Bernard B, Hinoue T, Laird PW, Curtis C, Shen H, et al Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network: Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinoma. Nature. 513:202–209. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar :

Guichard C, Amaddeo G, Imbeaud S, Ladeiro Y, Pelletier L, Maad IB, Calderaro J, Bioulac-Sage P, Letexier M, Degos F, et al: Integrated analysis of somatic mutations and focal copy-number changes identifies key genes and pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Genet. 44:694–698. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Campbell JD, Alexandrov A, Kim J, Wala J, Berger AH, Pedamallu CS, Shukla SA, Guo G, Brooks AN, Murray BA, et al Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network: Distinct patterns of somatic genome alterations in lung adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Nat Genet. 48:607–616. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Bailey P, Chang DK, Nones K, Johns AL, Patch AM, Gingras MC, Miller DK, Christ AN, Bruxner TJ, Quinn MC, et al Australian Pancreatic Cancer Genome Initiative: Genomic analyses identify molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer. Nature. 531:47–52. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Robinson D, Van Allen EM, Wu YM, Schultz N, Lonigro RJ, Mosquera JM, Montgomery B, Taplin ME, Pritchard CC, Attard G, et al: Integrative clinical genomics of advanced prostate cancer. Cell. 161:1215–1228. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kandoth C, Schultz N, Cherniack AD, Akbani R, Liu Y, Shen H, Robertson AG, Pashtan I, Shen R, Benz CC, et al Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network: Integrated genomic characterization of endometrial carcinoma. Nature. 497:67–73. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Barker N: Adult intestinal stem cells: Critical drivers of epithelial homeostasis and regeneration. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 15:19–33. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

Flanagan DJ, Phesse TJ, Barker N, Schwab RH, Amin N, Malaterre J, Stange DE, Nowell CJ, Currie SA, Saw JT, et al: Frizzled7 functions as a Wnt receptor in intestinal epithelial Lgr5(+) stem cells. Stem Cell Reports. 4:759–767. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Jiang X and Cong F: Novel regulation of Wnt signaling at the proximal membrane level. Trends Biochem Sci. 41:773–783. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Valenta T, Hausmann G and Basler K: The many faces and functions of β-catenin. EMBO J. 31:2714–2736. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Katoh M: Mutation spectra of histone methyltransferases with canonical SET domains and EZH2-targeted therapy. Epigenomics. 8:285–305. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

Wang Z, Liu P, Inuzuka H and Wei W: Roles of F-box proteins in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 14:233–247. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kajiguchi T, Katsumi A, Tanizaki R, Kiyoi H and Naoe T: Y654 of β-catenin is essential for FLT3/ITD-related tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear localization of β-catenin. Eur J Haematol. 88:314–320. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

Jin B, Ding K and Pan J: Ponatinib induces apoptosis in imatinib-resistant human mast cells by dephosphorylating mutant D816V KIT and silencing β-catenin signaling. Mol Cancer Ther. 13:1217–1230. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Fernández-Sánchez ME, Barbier S, Whitehead J, Béalle G, Michel A, Latorre-Ossa H, Rey C, Fouassier L, Claperon A, Brullé L, et al: Mechanical induction of the tumorigenic β-catenin pathway by tumour growth pressure. Nature. 523:92–95. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

van Veelen W, Le NH, Helvensteijn W, Blonden L, Theeuwes M, Bakker ER, Franken PF, van Gurp L, Meijlink F, van der Valk MA, et al: β-catenin tyrosine 654 phosphorylation increases Wnt signalling and intestinal tumorigenesis. Gut. 60:1204–1212. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kuechler A, Willemsen MH, Albrecht B, Bacino CA, Bartholomew DW, van Bokhoven H, van den Boogaard MJ, Bramswig N, Büttner C, Cremer K, et al: De novo mutations in β-catenin (CTNNB1) appear to be a frequent cause of intellectual disability: Expanding the mutational and clinical spectrum. Hum Genet. 134:97–109. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

Dixon MW, Stem MS, Schuette JL, Keegan CE and Besirli CG: CTNNB1 mutation associated with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) phenotype. Ophthalmic Genet. 37:468–470. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Lui JH, Hansen DV and Kriegstein AR: Development and evolution of the human neocortex. Cell. 146:18–36. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Inestrosa NC and Arenas E: Emerging roles of Wnts in the adult nervous system. Nat Rev Neurosci. 11:77–86. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

Bayod S, Felice P, Andrés P, Rosa P, Camins A, Pallàs M and Canudas AM: Downregulation of canonical Wnt signaling in hippocampus of SAMP8 mice. Neurobiol Aging. 36:720–729. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

Wakabayashi T, Hidaka R, Fujimaki S, Asashima M and Kuwabara T: Diabetes impairs Wnt3 protein-induced neurogenesis in olfactory bulbs via glutamate transporter 1 inhibition. J Biol Chem. 291:15196–15211. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Marzo A, Galli S, Lopes D, McLeod F, Podpolny M, Segovia-Roldan M, Ciani L, Purro S, Cacucci F, Gibb A, et al: Reversal of synapse degeneration by restoring Wnt signaling in the adult hippocampus. Curr Biol. 26:2551–2561. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Lu T, Aron L, Zullo J, Pan Y, Kim H, Chen Y, Yang TH, Kim HM, Drake D, Liu XS, et al: REST and stress resistance in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Nature. 507:448–454. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Dias C, Feng J, Sun H, Shao NY, Mazei-Robison MS, Damez-Werno D, Scobie K, Bagot R, LaBonté B, Ribeiro E, et al: β-catenin mediates stress resilience through Dicer1/microRNA regulation. Nature. 516:51–55. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

Madison JM, Zhou F, Nigam A, Hussain A, Barker DD, Nehme R, van der Ven K, Hsu J, Wolf P, Fleishman M, et al: Characterization of bipolar disorder patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells from a family reveals neurodevelopmental and mRNA expression abnormalities. Mol Psychiatry. 20:703–717. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Karantalis V and Hare JM: Use of mesenchymal stem cells for therapy of cardiac disease. Circ Res. 116:1413–1430. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Atashi F, Modarressi A and Pepper MS: The role of reactive oxygen species in mesenchymal stem cell adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation: A review. Stem Cells Dev. 24:1150–1163. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Chen Y and Alman BA: Wnt pathway, an essential role in bone regeneration. J Cell Biochem. 106:353–362. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Zhang R, Oyajobi BO, Harris SE, Chen D, Tsao C, Deng HW and Zhao M: Wnt/β-catenin signaling activates bone morphogenetic protein 2 expression in osteoblasts. Bone. 52:145–156. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

Ke HZ, Richards WG, Li X and Ominsky MS: Sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 as therapeutic targets in bone diseases. Endocr Rev. 33:747–783. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Boudin E, Fijalkowski I, Piters E and Van Hul W: The role of extracellular modulators of canonical Wnt signaling in bone metabolism and diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 43:220–240. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Silva BC and Bilezikian JP: Parathyroid hormone: Anabolic and catabolic actions on the skeleton. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 22:41–50. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Maeda K, Kobayashi Y, Udagawa N, Uehara S, Ishihara A, Mizoguchi T, Kikuchi Y, Takada I, Kato S, Kani S, et al: Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling between osteoblast-lineage cells and osteoclast precursors enhances osteoclastogenesis. Nat Med. 18:405–412. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kim SJ, Bieganski T, Sohn YB, Kozlowski K, Semënov M, Okamoto N, Kim CH, Ko AR, Ahn GH, Choi YL, et al: Identification of signal peptide domain SOST mutations in autosomal dominant craniodiaphyseal dysplasia. Hum Genet. 129:497–502. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Brunkow ME, Gardner JC, Van Ness J, Paeper BW, Kovacevich BR, Proll S, Skonier JE, Zhao L, Sabo PJ, Fu Y, et al: Bone dysplasia sclerosteosis results from loss of the SOST gene product, a novel cystine knot-containing protein. Am J Hum Genet. 68:577–589. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Balemans W, Patel N, Ebeling M, Van Hul E, Wuyts W, Lacza C, Dioszegi M, Dikkers FG, Hildering P, Willems PJ, et al: Identification of a 52 kb deletion downstream of the SOST gene in patients with van Buchem disease. J Med Genet. 39:91–97. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Van Wesenbeeck L, Cleiren E, Gram J, Beals RK, Bénichou O, Scopelliti D, Key L, Renton T, Bartels C, Gong Y, et al: Six novel missense mutations in the LDL receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene in different conditions with an increased bone density. Am J Hum Genet. 72:763–771. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Canalis E: Wnt signalling in osteoporosis: Mechanisms and novel therapeutic approaches. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 9:575–583. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Laine CM, Joeng KS, Campeau PM, Kiviranta R, Tarkkonen K, Grover M, Lu JT, Pekkinen M, Wessman M, Heino TJ, et al: WNT1 mutations in early-onset osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta. N Engl J Med. 368:1809–1816. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gong Y, Slee RB, Fukai N, Rawadi G, Roman-Roman S, Reginato AM, Wang H, Cundy T, Glorieux FH, Lev D, et al Osteoporosis-Pseudoglioma Syndrome Collaborative Group: LDL receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) affects bone accrual and eye development. Cell. 107:513–523. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Mani A, Radhakrishnan J, Wang H, Mani A, Mani MA, Nelson-Williams C, Carew KS, Mane S, Najmabadi H, Wu D, et al: LRP6 mutation in a family with early coronary disease and metabolic risk factors. Science. 315:1278–1282. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Simsek Kiper PO, Saito H, Gori F, Unger S, Hesse E, Yamana K, Kiviranta R, Solban N, Liu J, Brommage R, et al: Cortical-bone fragility: Insights from sFRP4 deficiency in Pyle's disease. N Engl J Med. 374:2553–2562. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

Estrada K, Styrkarsdottir U, Evangelou E, Hsu YH, Duncan EL, Ntzani EE, Oei L, Albagha OM, Amin N, Kemp JP, et al: Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 56 bone mineral density loci and reveals 14 loci associated with risk of fracture. Nat Genet. 44:491–501. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Carmeliet P and Jain RK: Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of angiogenesis. Nature. 473:298–307. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Katoh M: Therapeutics targeting angiogenesis: Genetics and epigenetics, extracellular miRNAs and signaling networks (Review). Int J Mol Med. 32:763–767. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

Hayakawa Y, Ariyama H, Stancikova J, Sakitani K, Asfaha S, Renz BW, Dubeykovskaya ZA, Shibata W, Wang H, Westphalen CB, et al: Mist1 expressing gastric stem cells maintain the normal and neoplastic gastric epithelium and are supported by a perivascular stem cell niche. Cancer Cell. 28:800–814. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Rafii S, Butler JM and Ding BS: Angiocrine functions of organ-specific endothelial cells. Nature. 529:316–325. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Goel HL and Mercurio AM: VEGF targets the tumour cell. Nat Rev Cancer. 13:871–882. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Ferrara N and Adamis AP: Ten years of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 15:385–403. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Katoh M: Therapeutics targeting FGF signaling network in human diseases. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 37:1081–1096. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Zhou W, Wang G and Guo S: Regulation of angiogenesis via Notch signaling in breast cancer and cancer stem cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1836:304–320. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

Zhang P, Yan X, Chen Y, Yang Z and Han H: Notch signaling in blood vessels: From morphogenesis to homeostasis. Sci China Life Sci. 57:774–780. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Rostama B, Peterson SM, Vary CP and Liaw L: Notch signal integration in the vasculature during remodeling. Vascul Pharmacol. 63:97–104. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Hilbert T and Klaschik S: The angiopoietin/TIE receptor system: Focusing its role for ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 26:281–291. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

Zhang X, Gaspard JP and Chung DC: Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor by the Wnt and K-ras pathways in colonic neoplasia. Cancer Res. 61:6050–6054. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

Korn C, Scholz B, Hu J, Srivastava K, Wojtarowicz J, Arnsperger T, Adams RH, Boutros M, Augustin HG and Augustin I: Endothelial cell-derived non-canonical Wnt ligands control vascular pruning in angiogenesis. Development. 141:1757–1766. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gilmour DF: Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy and related retinopathies. Eye (Lond). 29:1–14. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

Kirikoshi H, Sagara N, Koike J, Tanaka K, Sekihara H, Hirai M and Katoh M: Molecular cloning and characterization of human Frizzled-4 on chromosome 11q14-q21. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 264:955–961. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Zhang K, Harada Y, Wei X, Shukla D, Rajendran A, Tawansy K, Bedell M, Lim S, Shaw PX, He X, et al: An essential role of the cysteine-rich domain of FZD4 in Norrin/Wnt signaling and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. J Biol Chem. 286:10210–10215. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar :

Musada GR, Syed H, Jalali S, Chakrabarti S and Kaur I: Mutation spectrum of the FZD-4, TSPAN12 and ZNF408 genes in Indian FEVR patients. BMC Ophthalmol. 16:902016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Tang M, Ding X, Li J, Hu A, Yuan M, Yang Y, Zhan Z, Li Z and Lu L: Novel mutations in FZD4 and phenotype-genotype correlation in Chinese patients with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Mol Vis. 22:917–932. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

Fei P, Zhang Q, Huang L, Xu Y, Zhu X, Tai Z, Gong B, Ma S, Yao Q, Li J, et al: Identification of two novel LRP5 mutations in families with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Mol Vis. 20:395–409. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

Ye X, Wang Y and Nathans J: The Norrin/Frizzled4 signaling pathway in retinal vascular development and disease. Trends Mol Med. 16:417–425. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Stenman JM, Rajagopal J, Carroll TJ, Ishibashi M, McMahon J and McMahon AP: Canonical Wnt signaling regulates organ-specific assembly and differentiation of CNS vasculature. Science. 322:1247–1250. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Wang Z, Liu CH, Sun Y, Gong Y, Favazza TL, Morss PC, Saba NJ, Fredrick TW, He X, Akula JD, et al: Pharmacologic activation of Wnt signaling by lithium normalizes retinal vasculature in a murine model of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy. Am J Pathol. 186:2588–2600. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Birdsey GM, Shah AV, Dufton N, Reynolds LE, Osuna Almagro L, Yang Y, Aspalter IM, Khan ST, Mason JC, Dejana E, et al: The endothelial transcription factor ERG promotes vascular stability and growth through Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Dev Cell. 32:82–96. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Arthofer E, Hot B, Petersen J, Strakova K, Jäger S, Grundmann M, Kostenis E, Gutkind JS and Schulte G: WNT stimulation dissociates a Frizzled 4 inactive-state complex with Gα12/13. Mol Pharmacol. 90:447–459. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Adler PN: The frizzled/stan pathway and planar cell polarity in the Drosophila wing. Curr Top Dev Biol. 101:1–31. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Yang Y and Mlodzik M: Wnt-Frizzled/planar cell polarity signaling: Cellular orientation by facing the wind (Wnt). Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 31:623–646. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gao B, Song H, Bishop K, Elliot G, Garrett L, English MA, Andre P, Robinson J, Sood R, Minami Y, et al: Wnt signaling gradients establish planar cell polarity by inducing Vangl2 phosphorylation through Ror2. Dev Cell. 20:163–176. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Nishimura T, Honda H and Takeichi M: Planar cell polarity links axes of spatial dynamics in neural-tube closure. Cell. 149:1084–1097. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Pan X, Sittaramane V, Gurung S and Chandrasekhar A: Structural and temporal requirements of Wnt/PCP protein Vangl2 function for convergence and extension movements and facial branchiomotor neuron migration in zebrafish. Mech Dev. 131:1–14. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar :

Gödde NJ, Pearson HB, Smith LK and Humbert PO: Dissecting the role of polarity regulators in cancer through the use of mouse models. Exp Cell Res. 328:249–257. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Cantrell VA and Jessen JR: The planar cell polarity protein Van Gogh-Like 2 regulates tumor cell migration and matrix metalloproteinase-dependent invasion. Cancer Lett. 287:54–61. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

O'Connell MP, Fiori JL, Xu M, Carter AD, Frank BP, Camilli TC, French AD, Dissanayake SK, Indig FE, Bernier M, et al: The orphan tyrosine kinase receptor, ROR2, mediates Wnt5A signaling in metastatic melanoma. Oncogene. 29:34–44. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar :

Wang W, Runkle KB, Terkowski SM, Ekaireb RI and Witze ES: Protein depalmitoylation is induced by Wnt5a and promotes polarized cell behavior. J Biol Chem. 290:15707–15716. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Webster MR, Kugel CH III and Weeraratna AT: The Wnts of change: How Wnts regulate phenotype switching in melanoma. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1856:244–251. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

Katoh M: Function and cancer genomics of FAT family genes (Review). Int J Oncol. 41:1913–1918. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

Matis M and Axelrod JD: Regulation of PCP by the Fat signaling pathway. Genes Dev. 27:2207–2220. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Katoh M and Katoh M: Identification and characterization of human PRICKLE1 and PRICKLE2 genes as well as mouse Prickle1 and Prickle2 genes homologous to Drosophila tissue polarity gene prickle. Int J Mol Med. 11:249–256. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

De Marco P, Merello E, Piatelli G, Cama A, Kibar Z and Capra V: Planar cell polarity gene mutations contribute to the etiology of human neural tube defects in our population. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 100:633–641. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Allache R, Lachance S, Guyot MC, De Marco P, Merello E, Justice MJ, Capra V and Kibar Z: Novel mutations in Lrp6 orthologs in mouse and human neural tube defects affect a highly dosage-sensitive Wnt non-canonical planar cell polarity pathway. Hum Mol Genet. 23:1687–1699. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar :

Bassuk AG, Wallace RH, Buhr A, Buller AR, Afawi Z, Shimojo M, Miyata S, Chen S, Gonzalez-Alegre P, Griesbach HL, et al: A homozygous mutation in human PRICKLE1 causes an autosomal-recessive progressive myoclonus epilepsy-ataxia syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 83:572–581. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Tao H, Manak JR, Sowers L, Mei X, Kiyonari H, Abe T, Dahdaleh NS, Yang T, Wu S, Chen S, et al: Mutations in prickle orthologs cause seizures in flies, mice, and humans. Am J Hum Genet. 88:138–149. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Sowers LP, Loo L, Wu Y, Campbell E, Ulrich JD, Wu S, Paemka L, Wassink T, Meyer K, Bing X, et al: Disruption of the non-canonical Wnt gene PRICKLE2 leads to autism-like behaviors with evidence for hippocampal synaptic dysfunction. Mol Psychiatry. 18:1077–1089. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

White JJ, Mazzeu JF, Hoischen A, Bayram Y, Withers M, Gezdirici A, Kimonis V, Steehouwer M, Jhangiani SN, Muzny DM, et al Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics: DVL3 alleles resulting in a -1 frameshift of the last exon mediate autosomal-dominant Robinow syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 98:553–561. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Copp AJ and Greene ND: Genetics and development of neural tube defects. J Pathol. 220:217–230. 2010.

Muñoz-Soriano V, Belacortu Y and Paricio N: Planar cell polarity signaling in collective cell movements during morphogenesis and disease. Curr Genomics. 13:609–622. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar :

Wu G, Huang X, Hua Y and Mu D: Roles of planar cell polarity pathways in the development of neutral tube defects. J Biomed Sci. 18:662011. View Article : Google Scholar :

de la Hoz AB, Maortua H, García-Rives A, Martínez-González MJ, Ezquerra M and Tejada MI: 3p14 de novo interstitial microdeletion in a patient with intellectual disability and autistic features with language impairment: A comparison with similar cases. Case Rep Genet. 2015:8763482015.PubMed/NCBI

Mazzeu JF, Pardono E, Vianna-Morgante AM, Richieri-Costa A, Ae Kim C, Brunoni D, Martelli L, de Andrade CE, Colin G and Otto PA: Clinical characterization of autosomal dominant and recessive variants of Robinow syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 143:320–325. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Person AD, Beiraghi S, Sieben CM, Hermanson S, Neumann AN, Robu ME, Schleiffarth JR, Billington CJ Jr, van Bokhoven H, Hoogeboom JM, et al: WNT5A mutations in patients with autosomal dominant Robinow syndrome. Dev Dyn. 239:327–337. 2010.

Afzal AR, Rajab A, Fenske CD, Oldridge M, Elanko N, Ternes-Pereira E, Tüysüz B, Murday VA, Patton MA, Wilkie AO, et al: Recessive Robinow syndrome, allelic to dominant brachydactyly type B, is caused by mutation of ROR2. Nat Genet. 25:419–422. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Oldridge M, Fortuna AM, Maringa M, Propping P, Mansour S, Pollitt C, DeChiara TM, Kimble RB, Valenzuela DM, Yancopoulos GD, et al: Dominant mutations in ROR2, encoding an orphan receptor tyrosine kinase, cause brachydactyly type B. Nat Genet. 24:275–278. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Green JL, Kuntz SG and Sternberg PW: Ror receptor tyrosine kinases: Orphans no more. Trends Cell Biol. 18:536–544. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Minami Y, Oishi I, Endo M and Nishita M: Ror-family receptor tyrosine kinases in noncanonical Wnt signaling: Their implications in developmental morphogenesis and human diseases. Dev Dyn. 239:1–15. 2010.

Petrova IM, Malessy MJ, Verhaagen J, Fradkin LG and Noordermeer JN: Wnt signaling through the Ror receptor in the nervous system. Mol Neurobiol. 49:303–315. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

Debebe Z and Rathmell WK: Ror2 as a therapeutic target in cancer. Pharmacol Ther. 150:143–148. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Bunn KJ, Lai A, Al-Ani A, Farella M, Craw S and Robertson SP: An osteosclerotic form of Robinow syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 164A:2638–2642. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Liu C, Lin C, Gao C, May-Simera H, Swaroop A and Li T: Null and hypomorph Prickle1 alleles in mice phenocopy human Robinow syndrome and disrupt signaling downstream of Wnt5a. Biol Open. 3:861–870. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Ford CE, Qian Ma SS, Quadir A and Ward RL: The dual role of the novel Wnt receptor tyrosine kinase, ROR2, in human carcinogenesis. Int J Cancer. 133:779–787. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

Asad M, Wong MK, Tan TZ, Choolani M, Low J, Mori S, Virshup D, Thiery JP and Huang RY: FZD7 drives in vitro aggressiveness in Stem-A subtype of ovarian cancer via regulation of non-canonical Wnt/PCP pathway. Cell Death Dis. 5:e13462014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Qin L, Yin YT, Zheng FJ, Peng LX, Yang CF, Bao YN, Liang YY, Li XJ, Xiang YQ, Sun R, et al: WNT5A promotes stemness characteristics in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells leading to metastasis and tumorigenesis. Oncotarget. 6:10239–10252. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Thiele S, Rachner TD, Rauner M and Hofbauer LC: WNT5A and its receptors in the bone-cancer dialogue. J Bone Miner Res. 31:1488–1496. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kumawat K and Gosens R: WNT-5A: Signaling and functions in health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci. 73:567–587. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar :

Wei H, Wang N, Zhang Y, Wang S, Pang X and Zhang S: Wnt-11 overexpression promoting the invasion of cervical cancer cells. Tumour Biol. 37:11789–11798. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Arabzadeh S, Hossein G, Salehi-Dulabi Z and Zarnani AH: WNT5A-ROR2 is induced by inflammatory mediators and is involved in the migration of human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV-3. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 21:92016. View Article : Google Scholar

Jiang W, Crossman DK, Mitchell EH, Sohn P, Crowley MR and Serra R: WNT5A inhibits metastasis and alters splicing of Cd44 in breast cancer cells. PLoS One. 8:e583292013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Easter SL, Mitchell EH, Baxley SE, Desmond R, Frost AR and Serra R: Wnt5a suppresses tumor formation and redirects tumor phenotype in MMTV-Wnt1 tumors. PLoS One. 9:e1132472014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Wang MT, Holderfield M, Galeas J, Delrosario R, To MD, Balmain A and McCormick F: K-Ras promotes tumorigenicity through suppression of non-canonical Wnt signaling. Cell. 163:1237–1251. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Fukuda T, Chen L, Endo T, Tang L, Lu D, Castro JE, Widhopf GF II, Rassenti LZ, Cantwell MJ, Prussak CE, et al: Antisera induced by infusions of autologous Ad-CD154-leukemia B cells identify ROR1 as an oncofetal antigen and receptor for Wnt5a. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 105:3047–3052. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Bicocca VT, Chang BH, Masouleh BK, Muschen M, Loriaux MM, Druker BJ and Tyner JW: Crosstalk between ROR1 and the Pre-B cell receptor promotes survival of t(1;19) acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Cell. 22:656–667. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Yu J, Chen L, Cui B, Widhopf GF II, Shen Z, Wu R, Zhang L, Zhang S, Briggs SP and Kipps TJ: Wnt5a induces ROR1/ROR2 heterooligomerization to enhance leukemia chemotaxis and proliferation. J Clin Invest. 126:585–598. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar :

Gentile A, Lazzari L, Benvenuti S, Trusolino L and Comoglio PM: The ROR1 pseudokinase diversifies signaling outputs in MET-addicted cancer cells. Int J Cancer. 135:2305–2316. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Hojjat-Farsangi M, Moshfegh A, Daneshmanesh AH, Khan AS, Mikaelsson E, Osterborg A and Mellstedt H: The receptor tyrosine kinase ROR1 - an oncofetal antigen for targeted cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol. 29:21–31. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Li C, Wang S, Xing Z, Lin A, Liang K, Song J, Hu Q, Yao J, Chen Z, Park PK, et al: A ROR1-HER3-lncRNA signalling axis modulates the Hippo-YAP pathway to regulate bone metastasis. Nat Cell Biol. 19:106–119. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Widhopf GF II, Cui B, Ghia EM, Chen L, Messer K, Shen Z, Briggs SP, Croce CM and Kipps TJ: ROR1 can interact with TCL1 and enhance leukemogenesis in Eμ-TCL1 transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 111:793–798. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

Yamaguchi T, Lu C, Ida L, Yanagisawa K, Usukura J, Cheng J, Hotta N, Shimada Y, Isomura H, Suzuki M, et al: ROR1 sustains caveolae and survival signalling as a scaffold of cavin-1 and caveolin-1. Nat Commun. 7:100602016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

O'Connell MP, Marchbank K, Webster MR, Valiga AA, Kaur A, Vultur A, Li L, Herlyn M, Villanueva J, Liu Q, et al: Hypoxia induces phenotypic plasticity and therapy resistance in melanoma via the tyrosine kinase receptors ROR1 and ROR2. Cancer Discov. 3:1378–1393. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Lai SS, Xue B, Yang Y, Zhao L, Chu CS, Hao JY and Wen CJ: Ror2-Src signaling in metastasis of mouse melanoma cells is inhibited by NRAGE. Cancer Genet. 205:552–562. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Niemann S, Zhao C, Pascu F, Stahl U, Aulepp U, Niswander L, Weber JL and Müller U: Homozygous WNT3 mutation causes tetra-amelia in a large consanguineous family. Am J Hum Genet. 74:558–563. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Woods CG, Stricker S, Seemann P, Stern R, Cox J, Sherridan E, Roberts E, Springell K, Scott S, Karbani G, et al: Mutations in WNT7A cause a range of limb malformations, including Fuhrmann syndrome and Al-Awadi/Raas-Rothschild/Schinzel phocomelia syndrome. Am J Hum Genet. 79:402–408. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Biason-Lauber A, Konrad D, Navratil F and Schoenle EJ: A WNT4 mutation associated with Müllerian-duct regression and virilization in a 46, XX woman. N Engl J Med. 351:792–798. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Mandel H, Shemer R, Borochowitz ZU, Okopnik M, Knopf C, Indelman M, Drugan A, Tiosano D, Gershoni-Baruch R, Choder M, et al: SERKAL syndrome: An autosomal-recessive disorder caused by a loss-of-function mutation in WNT4. Am J Hum Genet. 82:39–47. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kirikoshi H, Sekihara H and Katoh M: WNT10A and WNT6, clustered in human chromosome 2q35 region with head-to-tail manner, are strongly coexpressed in SW480 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 283:798–805. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Adaimy L, Chouery E, Megarbane H, Mroueh S, Delague V, Nicolas E, Belguith H, de Mazancourt P and Megarbane A: Mutation in WNT10A is associated with an autosomal recessive ectodermal dysplasia: The odonto-onycho-dermal dysplasia. Am J Hum Genet. 81:821–828. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

van den Boogaard MJ, Créton M, Bronkhorst Y, van der Hout A, Hennekam E, Lindhout D, Cune M and Ploos van Amstel HK: Mutations in WNT10A are present in more than half of isolated hypodontia cases. J Med Genet. 49:327–331. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Yu P, Yang W, Han D, Wang X, Guo S, Li J, Li F, Zhang X, Wong SW, Bai B, et al: Mutations in WNT10B are identified in individuals with oligodontia. Am J Hum Genet. 99:195–201. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Massink MP, Créton MA, Spanevello F, Fennis WM, Cune MS, Savelberg SM, Nijman IJ, Maurice MM, van den Boogaard MJ and van Haaften G: H and van Haaften G. Loss-of-function mutations in the WNT co-receptor LRP6 cause autosomal-dominant oligodontia. Am J Hum Genet. 97:621–626. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Poulsen A, Ho SY, Wang W, Alam J, Jeyaraj DA, Ang SH, Tan ES, Lin GR, Cheong VW, Ke Z, et al: Pharmacophore model for Wnt/Porcupine inhibitors and its use in drug design. J Chem Inf Model. 55:1435–1448. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Grzeschik KH, Bornholdt D, Oeffner F, König A, del Carmen Boente M, Enders H, Fritz B, Hertl M, Grasshoff U, Höfling K, et al: Deficiency of PORCN, a regulator of Wnt signaling, is associated with focal dermal hypoplasia. Nat Genet. 39:833–835. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Liu C, Widen SA, Williamson KA, Ratnapriya R, Gerth-Kahlert C, Rainger J, Alur RP, Strachan E, Manjunath SH, Balakrishnan A, et al UK10K Consortium: A secreted WNT-ligand-binding domain of FZD5 generated by a frameshift mutation causes autosomal dominant coloboma. Hum Mol Genet. 25:1382–1391. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Fröjmark AS, Schuster J, Sobol M, Entesarian M, Kilander MB, Gabrikova D, Nawaz S, Baig SM, Schulte G, Klar J, et al: Mutations in Frizzled 6 cause isolated autosomal-recessive nail dysplasia. Am J Hum Genet. 88:852–860. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Parma P, Radi O, Vidal V, Chaboissier MC, Dellambra E, Valentini S, Guerra L, Schedl A and Camerino G: R-spondin1 is essential in sex determination, skin differentiation and malignancy. Nat Genet. 38:1304–1309. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Brüchle NO, Frank J, Frank V, Senderek J, Akar A, Koc E, Rigopoulos D, van Steensel M, Zerres K and Bergmann C: RSPO4 is the major gene in autosomal-recessive anonychia and mutations cluster in the furin-like cysteine-rich domains of the Wnt signaling ligand R-spondin 4. J Invest Dermatol. 128:791–796. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

Ekici AB, Hilfinger D, Jatzwauk M, Thiel CT, Wenzel D, Lorenz I, Boltshauser E, Goecke TW, Staatz G, Morris-Rosendahl DJ, et al: Disturbed Wnt signalling due to a mutation in CCDC88C causes an autosomal recessive non-syndromic hydrocephalus with medial diverticulum. Mol Syndromol. 1:99–112. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Aznar N, Midde KK, Dunkel Y, Lopez-Sanchez I, Pavlova Y, Marivin A, Barbazán J, Murray F, Nitsche U, Janssen KP, et al: Daple is a novel non-receptor GEF required for trimeric G protein activation in Wnt signaling. eLife. 4:e070912015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Voronkov A and Krauss S: Wnt/β-catenin signaling and small molecule inhibitors. Curr Pharm Des. 19:634–664. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

Takebe N, Miele L, Harris PJ, Jeong W, Bando H, Kahn M, Yang SX and Ivy SP: Targeting Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt pathways in cancer stem cells: Clinical update. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 12:445–464. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Tai D, Wells K, Arcaroli J, Vanderbilt C, Aisner DL, Messersmith WA and Lieu CH: Targeting the WNT signaling pathway in cancer therapeutics. Oncologist. 20:1189–1198. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Pelay-Gimeno M, Glas A, Koch O and Grossmann TN: Structure-based design of inhibitors of protein-protein interactions: Mimicking peptide binding epitopes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 54:8896–8927. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kakugawa S, Langton PF, Zebisch M, Howell SA, Chang TH, Liu Y, Feizi T, Bineva G, O'Reilly N, Snijders AP, et al: Notum deacylates Wnt proteins to suppress signalling activity. Nature. 519:187–192. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Madan B, Ke Z, Harmston N, Ho SY, Frois AO, Alam J, Jeyaraj DA, Pendharkar V, Ghosh K, Virshup IH, et al: Wnt addiction of genetically defined cancers reversed by PORCN inhibition. Oncogene. 35:2197–2207. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

Chen B, Dodge ME, Tang W, Lu J, Ma Z, Fan CW, Wei S, Hao W, Kilgore J, Williams NS, et al: Small molecule-mediated disruption of Wnt-dependent signaling in tissue regeneration and cancer. Nat Chem Biol. 5:100–107. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Liu J, Pan S, Hsieh MH, Ng N, Sun F, Wang T, Kasibhatla S, Schuller AG, Li AG, Cheng D, et al: Targeting Wnt-driven cancer through the inhibition of Porcupine by LGK974. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 110:20224–20229. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Proffitt KD, Madan B, Ke Z, Pendharkar V, Ding L, Lee MA, Hannoush RN and Virshup DM: Pharmacological inhibition of the Wnt acyltransferase PORCN prevents growth of WNT-driven mammary cancer. Cancer Res. 73:502–507. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

van de Wetering M, Francies HE, Francis JM, Bounova G, Iorio F, Pronk A, van Houdt W, van Gorp J, Taylor-Weiner A, Kester L, et al: Prospective derivation of a living organoid biobank of colorectal cancer patients. Cell. 161:933–945. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Cheng Y, Phoon YP, Jin X, Chong SY, Ip JC, Wong BW and Lung ML: Wnt-C59 arrests stemness and suppresses growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in mice by inhibiting the Wnt pathway in the tumor microenvironment. Oncotarget. 6:14428–14439. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Madan B, Ke Z, Lei ZD, Oliver FA, Oshima M, Lee MA, Rozen S and Virshup DM: NOTUM is a potential pharmacodynamic biomarker of Wnt pathway inhibition. Oncotarget. 7:12386–12392. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Blyszczuk P, Müller-Edenborn B, Valenta T, Osto E, Stellato M, Behnke S, Glatz K, Basler K, Lüscher TF, Distler O, et al: Transforming growth factor-β-dependent Wnt secretion controls myofibroblast formation and myocardial fibrosis progression in experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Eur Heart J. 38:1413–1425. 2017.

Madan B, Patel MB, Zhang J, Bunte RM, Rudemiller NP, Griffiths R, Virshup DM and Crowley SD: Experimental inhibition of porcupine-mediated Wnt O-acylation attenuates kidney fibrosis. Kidney Int. 89:1062–1074. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Diamond JR, Eckhardt SG, Bendell JC, Munster P, Morris VK, Kopetz S, Cattaruzza F, Kapoun AM, Dupont J and Faoro L: A Phase 1a/b study of OMP-131R10, an anti-RSPO3 antibody, in advanced solid tumors and previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Presented at: TAT 2016 Conference; Washington DC. 21–23 March, 2016;

Katoh M, Hirai M, Sugimura T and Terada M: Cloning, expression and chromosomal localization of Wnt-13, a novel member of the Wnt gene family. Oncogene. 13:873–876. 1996.PubMed/NCBI

Katoh M, Kirikoshi H, Terasaki H and Shiokawa K: WNT2B2 mRNA, upregulated in primary gastric cancer, is a positive regulator of the WNT- β-catenin-TCF signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 289:1093–1098. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Jiang H, Li F, He C, Wang X, Li Q and Gao H: Expression of Gli1 and Wnt2B correlates with progression and clinical outcome of pancreatic cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 7:4531–4538. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

Li G, Liu Y, Su Z, Ren S, Zhu G, Tian Y and Qiu Y: MicroRNA-324-3p regulates nasopharyngeal carcinoma radioresistance by directly targeting WNT2B. Eur J Cancer. 49:2596–2607. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Li SJ, Yang XN and Qian HY: Antitumor effects of WNT2B silencing in GLUT1 overexpressing cisplatin resistant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res. 5:300–308. 2014.

Kobayashi M, Huang CL, Sonobe M, Kikuchi R and Date H: Ad-shWnt2b vector therapy demonstrates antitumor activity in orthotopic intrapleural models as monitored with the in vitro imaging system (IVIS). Anticancer Res. 36:5887–5893. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Tokuhara M, Hirai M, Atomi Y, Terada M and Katoh M: Molecular cloning of human Frizzled-6. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 243:622–627. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Cantilena S, Pastorino F, Pezzolo A, Chayka O, Pistoia V, Ponzoni M and Sala A: Frizzled receptor 6 marks rare, highly tumourigenic stem-like cells in mouse and human neuroblastomas. Oncotarget. 2:976–983. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

Kim BK, Yoo HI, Kim I, Park J and Kim Yoon S: FZD6 expression is negatively regulated by miR-199a-5p in human colorectal cancer. BMB Rep. 48:360–366. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Corda G, Sala G, Lattanzio R, Iezzi M, Sallese M, Fragassi G, Lamolinara A, Mirza H, Barcaroli D, Ermler S, et al: Functional and prognostic significance of the genomic amplification of frizzled 6 (FZD6) in breast cancer. J Pathol. 241:350–361. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar :

Saitoh T, Hirai M and Katoh M: Molecular cloning and characterization of human Frizzled-5 gene on chromosome 2q33.3-q34 region. Int J Oncol. 19:105–110. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

Steinhart Z, Pavlovic Z, Chandrashekhar M, Hart T, Wang X, Zhang X, Robitaille M, Brown KR, Jaksani S, Overmeer R, et al: Genome-wide CRISPR screens reveal a Wnt-FZD5 signaling circuit as a druggable vulnerability of RNF43-mutant pancreatic tumors. Nat Med. 23:60–68. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

Sagara N, Toda G, Hirai M, Terada M and Katoh M: Molecular cloning, differential expression, and chromosomal localization of human frizzled-1, frizzled-2, and frizzled-7. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 252:117–122. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Simmons GE Jr, Pandey S, Nedeljkovic-Kurepa A, Saxena M, Wang A and Pruitt K: Frizzled 7 expression is positively regulated by SIRT1 and β-catenin in breast cancer cells. PLoS One. 9:e988612014. View Article : Google Scholar

Vincan E, Flanagan DJ, Pouliot N, Brabletz T and Spaderna S: Variable FZD7 expression in colorectal cancers indicates regulation by the tumour microenvironment. Dev Dyn. 239:311–317. 2010.

Qiu X, Jiao J, Li Y and Tian T: Overexpression of FZD7 promotes glioma cell proliferation by upregulating TAZ. Oncotarget. 7:85987–85999. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

Song J, Gao L, Yang G, Tang S, Xie H, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Jin J, Gou Y, et al: MiR-199a regulates cell proliferation and survival by targeting FZD7. PLoS One. 9:e1100742014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Koike J, Takagi A, Miwa T, Hirai M, Terada M and Katoh M: Molecular cloning of Frizzled-10, a novel member of the Frizzled gene family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 262:39–43. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gong C, Qu S, Lv XB, Liu B, Tan W, Nie Y, Su F, Liu Q, Yao H and Song E: BRMS1L suppresses breast cancer metastasis by inducing epigenetic silence of FZD10. Nat Commun. 5:54062014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Terasaki H, Saitoh T, Shiokawa K and Katoh M: Frizzled-10, upregulated in primary colorectal cancer, is a positive regulator of the WNT-β-catenin-TCF signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med. 9:107–112. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

Hanaoka H, Katagiri T, Fukukawa C, Yoshioka H, Yamamoto S, Iida Y, Higuchi T, Oriuchi N, Paudyal B, Paudyal P, et al: Radioimmunotherapy of solid tumors targeting a cell-surface protein, FZD10: Therapeutic efficacy largely depends on radio-sensitivity. Ann Nucl Med. 23:479–485. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gurney A, Axelrod F, Bond CJ, Cain J, Chartier C, Donigan L, Fischer M, Chaudhari A, Ji M, Kapoun AM, et al: Wnt pathway inhibition via the targeting of Frizzled receptors results in decreased growth and tumorigenicity of human tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 109:11717–11722. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Nielsen TO, Poulin NM and Ladanyi M: Synovial sarcoma: Recent discoveries as a roadmap to new avenues for therapy. Cancer Discov. 5:124–134. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Le PN, McDermott JD and Jimeno A: Targeting the Wnt pathway in human cancers: Therapeutic targeting with a focus on OMP-54F28. Pharmacol Ther. 146:1–11. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

Ferreira Tojais N, Peghaire C, Franzl N, Larrieu-Lahargue F, Jaspard B, Reynaud A, Moreau C, Couffinhal T, Duplàa C and Dufourcq P: Frizzled7 controls vascular permeability through the Wnt-canonical pathway and crosstalk with endothelial cell junction complexes. Cardiovasc Res. 103:291–303. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Phesse T, Flanagan D and Vincan E: Frizzled7: A promising Achilles' heel for targeting the Wnt receptor complex to treat cancer. Cancers (Basel). 8. pp. 502016, View Article : Google Scholar

Katoh M: FGFR inhibitors: Effects on cancer cells, tumor microenvironment and whole-body homeostasis (Review). Int J Mol Med. 38:3–15. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

Shabani M and Hojjat-Farsangi M: Targeting receptor tyrosine kinases using monoclonal antibodies: The most specific tools for targeted-based cancer therapy. Curr Drug Targets. 17:1687–1703. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

Gentile A, Lazzari L, Benvenuti S, Trusolino L and Comoglio PM: Ror1 is a pseudokinase that is crucial for Met-driven tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 71:3132–3141. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Mellstedt H, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Daneshmanesh AH, Moshfegh A, Byström S, Norin M, Olin T, Schultz J, Vågberg J and Österborg A: First generation of a small chemical molecule ROR1 RTK tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Ann Oncol. 27(Suppl 6): 15332016. View Article : Google Scholar

Khan AS, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Daneshmanesh AH, Hansson L, Kokhaei P, Österborg A, Mellstedt H and Moshfegh A: Dishevelled proteins are significantly upregulated in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Tumour Biol. 37:11947–11957. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Barat B, Chichili G, Ciccarone V, Tamura J, Gorlatov S, Spliedt M, Chen F, Koenig S, Moore P, Bonvini E, et al: Development of a humanized ROR1 × CD3 bispecific DART molecule for the treatment of solid and liquid tumors. (Abstract). Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; Apr 16–20, 2016; New Orleans, LA

AACR: Cancer Res. 76(Suppl 14): Abstract 1489. 2016.

Blankenship JW, Misher L, Mitchell D, Zhang N, Tan P, Hoyos GH, Ravikumar P, Bader R, McMahan CJ, Miller RE, et al: Anti-ROR1 × anti-CD3 ADAPTIR™ molecule, ES425, redirects T-cell cytotoxicity and inhibits tumor growth in preclinical models of triple-negative breast cancer. (Abstract). Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; Apr 16–20, 2016; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia

AACR: Cancer Res. 76(Suppl 14): Abstract 4995. 2016.

Berger C, Sommermeyer D, Hudecek M, Berger M, Balakrishnan A, Paszkiewicz PJ, Kosasih PL, Rader C and Riddell SR: Safety of targeting ROR1 in primates with chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells. Cancer Immunol Res. 3:206–216. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar :

Tian E, Zhan F, Walker R, Rasmussen E, Ma Y, Barlogie B and Shaughnessy JD Jr: The role of the Wnt-signaling antagonist DKK1 in the development of osteolytic lesions in multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 349:2483–2494. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Voorzanger-Rousselot N, Goehrig D, Journe F, Doriath V, Body JJ, Clézardin P and Garnero P: Increased Dickkopf-1 expression in breast cancer bone metastases. Br J Cancer. 97:964–970. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

McClung MR, Grauer A, Boonen S, Bolognese MA, Brown JP, Diez-Perez A, Langdahl BL, Reginster JY, Zanchetta JR, Wasserman SM, et al: Romosozumab in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. N Engl J Med. 370:412–420. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Recker RR, Benson CT, Matsumoto T, Bolognese MA, Robins DA, Alam J, Chiang AY, Hu L, Krege JH, Sowa H, et al: A randomized, double-blind phase 2 clinical trial of blosozumab, a sclerostin antibody, in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density. J Bone Miner Res. 30:216–224. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

Roschger A, Roschger P, Keplingter P, Klaushofer K, Abdullah S, Kneissel M and Rauch F: Effect of sclerostin antibody treatment in a mouse model of severe osteogenesis imperfecta. Bone. 66:182–188. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Fulciniti M, Tassone P, Hideshima T, Vallet S, Nanjappa P, Ettenberg SA, Shen Z, Patel N, Tai YT, Chauhan D, et al: Anti-DKK1 mAb (BHQ880) as a potential therapeutic agent for multiple myeloma. Blood. 114:371–379. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Bendell JC, Murphy JE, Mahalingam D, Halmos B, Sirard CA, Landau SB and Ryan DP: A Phase 1 study of DKN-01, an anti-DKK1 antibody, in combination with paclitaxel (pac) in patients with DKK1 relapsed or refractory esophageal cancer (EC) or gastro-esophageal junction tumors (GEJ). J Clin Oncol. 34(Suppl 4S): Abstract 111. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

Betts AM, Clark TH, Yang J, Treadway JL, Li M, Giovanelli MA, Abdiche Y, Stone DM and Paralkar VM: The application of target information and preclinical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling in predicting clinical doses of a Dickkopf-1 antibody for osteoporosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 333:2–13. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Florio M, Gunasekaran K, Stolina M, Li X, Liu L, Tipton B, Salimi-Moosavi H, Asuncion FJ, Li C, Sun B, et al: A bispecific antibody targeting sclerostin and DKK-1 promotes bone mass accrual and fracture repair. Nat Commun. 7:115052016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Liu C and Yu X: ADP-ribosyltransferases and poly ADP-ribosylation. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 16:491–501. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Katoh M and Katoh M: Identification and characterization of human TIPARP gene within the CCNL amplicon at human chromosome 3q25.31. Int J Oncol. 23:541–547. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

Roper SJ, Chrysanthou S, Senner CE, Sienerth A, Gnan S, Murray A, Masutani M, Latos P and Hemberger M: ADP-ribosyltransferases Parp1 and Parp7 safeguard pluripotency of ES cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 42:8914–8927. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Haince JF, Rouleau M, Hendzel MJ, Masson JY and Poirier GG: Targeting poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation: A promising approach in cancer therapy. Trends Mol Med. 11:456–463. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gunderson CC and Moore KN: Olaparib: An oral PARP-1 and PARP-2 inhibitor with promising activity in ovarian cancer. Future Oncol. 11:747–757. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Nathubhai A, Haikarainen T, Koivunen J, Murthy S, Koumanov F, Lloyd MD, Holman GD, Pihlajaniemi T, Tosh D, Lehtiö L, et al: Highly potent and isoform selective dual site binding tankyrase/Wnt signaling inhibitors that increase cellular glucose uptake and have antiproliferative activity. J Med Chem. 60:814–820. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

Riffell JL, Lord CJ and Ashworth A: Tankyrase-targeted therapeutics: Expanding opportunities in the PARP family. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 11:923–936. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Wang W, Li N, Li X, Tran MK, Han X and Chen J: Tankyrase inhibitors target YAP by stabilizing angiomotin family proteins. Cell Rep. 13:524–532. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kulak O, Chen H, Holohan B, Wu X, He H, Borek D, Otwinowski Z, Yamaguchi K, Garofalo LA, Ma Z, et al: Disruption of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and telomeric shortening are inextricable consequences of tankyrase inhibition in human cells. Mol Cell Biol. 35:2425–2435. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Scarborough HA, Helfrich BA, Casás-Selves M, Schuller AG, Grosskurth SE, Kim J, Tan AC, Chan DC, Zhang Z, Zaberezhnyy V, et al: AZ1366: An inhibitor of tankyrase and the canonical Wnt pathway that limits the persistence of non-small cell lung cancer cells following EGFR inhibition. Clin Cancer Res. 23:1531–1541. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar

Lau T, Chan E, Callow M, Waaler J, Boggs J, Blake RA, Magnuson S, Sambrone A, Schutten M, Firestein R, et al: A novel tankyrase small-molecule inhibitor suppresses APC mutation-driven colorectal tumor growth. Cancer Res. 73:3132–3144. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Shultz MD, Cheung AK, Kirby CA, Firestone B, Fan J, Chen CH, Chen Z, Chin DN, Dipietro L, Fazal A, et al: Identification of NVP-TNKS656: The use of structure-efficiency relationships to generate a highly potent, selective, and orally active tankyrase inhibitor. J Med Chem. 56:6495–6511. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Arqués O, Chicote I, Puig I, Tenbaum SP, Argilés G, Dienstmann R, Fernández N, Caratù G, Matito J, Silberschmidt D, et al: Tankyrase inhibition blocks Wnt/β-catenin pathway and reverts resistance to PI3K and AKT inhibitors in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 22:644–656. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

Huang SM, Mishina YM, Liu S, Cheung A, Stegmeier F, Michaud GA, Charlat O, Wiellette E, Zhang Y, Wiessner S, et al: Tankyrase inhibition stabilizes axin and antagonizes Wnt signalling. Nature. 461:614–620. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Casás-Selves M, Kim J, Zhang Z, Helfrich BA, Gao D, Porter CC, Scarborough HA, Bunn PA Jr, Chan DC, Tan AC, et al: Tankyrase and the canonical Wnt pathway protect lung cancer cells from EGFR inhibition. Cancer Res. 72:4154–4164. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Feng W, Teng R, Zhao Y, Gao J and Chu H: Epigenetic modulation of Wnt signaling contributes to neuropathic pain in rats. Mol Med Rep. 12:4727–4733. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

Meijer L, Skaltsounis AL, Magiatis P, Polychronopoulos P, Knockaert M, Leost M, Ryan XP, Vonica CA, Brivanlou A, Dajani R, et al: GSK-3-selective inhibitors derived from Tyrian purple indirubins. Chem Biol. 10:1255–1266. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

Wu Y, Ai Z, Yao K, Cao L, Du J, Shi X, Guo Z and Zhang Y: CHIR99021 promotes self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells by modulation of protein-encoding gene and long intergenic non-coding RNA expression. Exp Cell Res. 319:2684–2699. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Atkinson JM, Rank KB, Zeng Y, Capen A, Yadav V, Manro JR, Engler TA and Chedid M: Activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway for the treatment of melanoma: Application of LY2090314, a novel selective inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3. PLoS One. 10:e01250282015. View Article : Google Scholar

Ding S, Wu TY, Brinker A, Peters EC, Hur W, Gray NS and Schultz PG: Synthetic small molecules that control stem cell fate. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100:7632–7637. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Lalit PA, Salick MR, Nelson DO, Squirrell JM, Shafer CM, Patel NG, Saeed I, Schmuck EG, Markandeya YS, Wong R, et al: Lineage reprogramming of fibroblasts into proliferative induced cardiac progenitor cells by defined factors. Cell Stem Cell. 18:354–367. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Narcisi R, Arikan OH, Lehmann J, Ten Berge D and van Osch GJ: Differential effects of small molecule WNT agonists on the multilineage differentiation capacity of human mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A. 22:1264–1273. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Fiskus W, Sharma S, Saha S, Shah B, Devaraj SG, Sun B, Horrigan S, Leveque C, Zu Y, Iyer S, et al: Pre-clinical efficacy of combined therapy with novel β-catenin antagonist BC2059 and histone deacetylase inhibitor against AML cells. Leukemia. 29:1267–1278. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

Trautmann M, Sievers E, Aretz S, Kindler D, Michels S, Friedrichs N, Renner M, Kirfel J, Steiner S, Huss S, et al: SS18-SSX fusion protein-induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a therapeutic target in synovial sarcoma. Oncogene. 33:5006–5016. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar

Jang GB, Hong IS, Kim RJ, Lee SY, Park SJ, Lee ES, Park JH, Yun CH, Chung JU, Lee KJ, et al: Wnt/β-catenin small-molecule inhibitor CWP232228 preferentially inhibits the growth of breast cancer stem-like cells. Cancer Res. 75:1691–1702. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Emami KH, Nguyen C, Ma H, Kim DH, Jeong KW, Eguchi M, Moon RT, Teo JL, Kim HY, Moon SH, et al: A small molecule inhibitor of β-catenin/CREB-binding protein transcription [corrected]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101:12682–12687. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

Fang L, Zhu Q, Neuenschwander M, Specker E, Wulf-Goldenberg A, Weis WI, von Kries JP and Birchmeier W: A small-molecule antagonist of the β-catenin/TCF4 interaction blocks the self-renewal of cancer stem cells and suppresses tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 76:891–901. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

Hwang SY, Deng X, Byun S, Lee C, Lee SJ, Suh H, Zhang J, Kang Q, Zhang T, Westover KD, et al: Direct targeting of β-catenin by a small molecule stimulates proteasomal degradation and suppresses oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Cell Rep. 16:28–36. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Sukhdeo K, Mani M, Zhang Y, Dutta J, Yasui H, Rooney MD, Carrasco DE, Zheng M, He H, Tai YT, et al: Targeting the β-catenin/TCF transcriptional complex in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 104:7516–7521. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

Lenz HJ and Kahn M: Safely targeting cancer stem cells via selective catenin coactivator antagonism. Cancer Sci. 105:1087–1092. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Takada K, Zhu D, Bird GH, Sukhdeo K, Zhao JJ, Mani M, Lemieux M, Carrasco DE, Ryan J, Horst D, et al: Targeted disruption of the BCL9/β-catenin complex inhibits oncogenic Wnt signaling. Sci Transl Med. 4:148ra1172012. View Article : Google Scholar

Henderson WR Jr, Chi EY, Ye X, Nguyen C, Tien YT, Zhou B, Borok Z, Knight DA and Kahn M: Inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin/CREB binding protein (CBP) signaling reverses pulmonary fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107:14309–14314. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Zhou L, Li Y, Hao S, Zhou D, Tan RJ, Nie J, Hou FF, Kahn M and Liu Y: Multiple genes of the renin-angiotensin system are novel targets of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Am Soc Nephrol. 26:107–120. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

Gajewski TF, Schreiber H and Fu YX: Innate and adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Nat Immunol. 14:1014–1022. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Son B, Lee S, Youn H, Kim E, Kim W and Youn B: The role of tumor microenvironment in therapeutic resistance. Oncotarget. 8:3933–3945. 2017.

Spranger S, Bao R and Gajewski TF: Melanoma-intrinsic β-catenin signalling prevents anti-tumour immunity. Nature. 523:231–235. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Malladi S, Macalinao DG, Jin X, He L, Basnet H, Zou Y, de Stanchina E and Massagué J: Metastatic latency and immune evasion through autocrine Inhibition of WNT. Cell. 165:45–60. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Xu WD, Wang J, Yuan TL, Li YH, Yang H, Liu Y, Zhao Y and Herrmann M: Interactions between canonical Wnt signaling pathway and MAPK pathway regulate differentiation, maturation and function of dendritic cells. Cell Immunol. 310:170–177. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Naskar D, Maiti G, Chakraborty A, Roy A, Chattopadhyay D and Sen M: Wnt5a-Rac1-NF-κB homeostatic circuitry sustains innate immune functions in macrophages. J Immunol. 192:4386–4397. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

D'Amico L, Mahajan S, Capietto AH, Yang Z, Zamani A, Ricci B, Bumpass DB, Meyer M, Su X, Wang-Gillam A, et al: Dickkopf-related protein 1 (Dkk1) regulates the accumulation and function of myeloid derived suppressor cells in cancer. J Exp Med. 213:827–840. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Staal FJ and Arens R: Wnt signaling as master regulator of T-lymphocyte responses: Implications for transplant therapy. Transplantation. 100:2584–2592. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Swafford D and Manicassamy S: Wnt signaling in dendritic cells: Its role in regulation of immunity and tolerance. Discov Med. 19:303–310. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

Holtzhausen A, Zhao F, Evans KS, Tsutsui M, Orabona C, Tyler DS and Hanks BA: Melanoma-derived Wnt5a promotes local dendritic-cell expression of IDO and immunotolerance: Opportunities for pharmacologic enhancement of immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res. 3:1082–1095. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Hanks BA: Immune evasion pathways and the design of dendritic cell-based cancer vaccines. Discov Med. 21:135–142. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

Kaur A, Webster MR and Weeraratna AT: In the Wnt-er of life: Wnt signalling in melanoma and ageing. Br J Cancer. 115:1273–1279. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Law NC, Weck J, Kyriss B, Nilson JH and Hunzicker-Dunn M: Lhcgr expression in granulosa cells: Roles for PKA-phosphorylated β-catenin, TCF3, and FOXO1. Mol Endocrinol. 27:1295–1310. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Liu Z and Habener JF: Glucagon-like peptide-1 activation of TCF7L2-dependent Wnt signaling enhances pancreatic beta cell proliferation. J Biol Chem. 283:8723–8735. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Bellei B, Pitisci A, Catricalà C, Larue L and Picardo M: Wnt/β-catenin signaling is stimulated by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in melanoma and melanocyte cells: Implication in cell differentiation. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 24:309–325. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

Furuyashiki T and Narumiya S: Stress responses: The contribution of prostaglandin E(2) and its receptors. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 7:163–175. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

Brudvik KW, Paulsen JE, Aandahl EM, Roald B and Taskén K: Protein kinase A antagonist inhibits β-catenin nuclear translocation, c-Myc and COX-2 expression and tumor promotion in Apc(Min/+) mice. Mol Cancer. 10:1492011. View Article : Google Scholar

Jansen SR, Holman R, Hedemann I, Frankes E, Elzinga CR, Timens W, Gosens R, de Bont ES and Schmidt M: Prostaglandin E₂ promotes MYCN non-amplified neuroblastoma cell survival via β-catenin stabilization. J Cell Mol Med. 19:210–226. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

Estus TL, Choudhary S and Pilbeam CC: Prostaglandin-mediated inhibition of PTH-stimulated β-catenin signaling in osteoblasts by bone marrow macrophages. Bone. 85:123–130. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI