Open Access

Protein aggregation and biomolecular condensation in hypoxic environments (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Chaoqun Li
    • Bingjie Hao
    • Haiguang Yang
    • Kai Wang
    • Lihong Fan
    • Weihua Xiao
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: February 12, 2024     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2024.5357
  • Article Number: 33
  • Copyright: © Li et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Due to molecular forces, biomacromolecules assemble into liquid condensates or solid aggregates, and their corresponding formation and dissolution processes are controlled. Protein homeostasis is disrupted by increasing age or environmental stress, leading to irreversible protein aggregation. Hypoxic pressure is an important factor in this process, and uncontrolled protein aggregation has been widely observed in hypoxia‑related conditions such as neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular disease, hypoxic brain injury and cancer. Biomolecular condensates are also high‑order complexes assembled from macromolecules. Although they exist in different phase from protein aggregates, they are in dynamic balance under certain conditions, and their activation or assembly are considered as important regulatory processes in cell survival with hypoxic pressure. Therefore, a better understanding of the relationship between hypoxic stress, protein aggregation and biomolecular condensation will bring marked benefits in the clinical treatment of various diseases. The aim of the present review was to summarize the underlying mechanisms of aggregate assembly and dissolution induced by hypoxic conditions, and address recent breakthroughs in understanding the role of aggregates in hypoxic‑related diseases, given the hypotheses that hypoxia induces macromolecular assemblage changes from a liquid to a solid phase, and that adenosine triphosphate depletion and ATP‑driven inactivation of multiple protein chaperones play important roles among the process. Moreover, it is anticipated that an improved understanding of the adaptation in hypoxic environments could extend the overall survival of patients and provide new strategies for hypoxic‑related diseases.
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April-2024
Volume 53 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Li C, Hao B, Yang H, Wang K, Fan L and Xiao W: Protein aggregation and biomolecular condensation in hypoxic environments (Review). Int J Mol Med 53: 33, 2024
APA
Li, C., Hao, B., Yang, H., Wang, K., Fan, L., & Xiao, W. (2024). Protein aggregation and biomolecular condensation in hypoxic environments (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 53, 33. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2024.5357
MLA
Li, C., Hao, B., Yang, H., Wang, K., Fan, L., Xiao, W."Protein aggregation and biomolecular condensation in hypoxic environments (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 53.4 (2024): 33.
Chicago
Li, C., Hao, B., Yang, H., Wang, K., Fan, L., Xiao, W."Protein aggregation and biomolecular condensation in hypoxic environments (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 53, no. 4 (2024): 33. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2024.5357