Diacylglycerol (DAG) has been reported to reduce the serum lipid and glucose levels more effectively compared with triacylglycerol (TAG). The present study examined the long‑term effects of dietary DAG on rats with type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN). The type 2 DN model was established by administering a high‑fat and high‑calorie diet along with an intraperitoneal injection of 35 mg/kg body weight streptozocin, and the disease developed over the following 8 weeks. Sprague‑Dawley rats were then randomly divided into the control, TAG, low‑dose DAG (Low‑DAG) and high‑dose DAG (High‑DAG) groups. Blood glucose (BG), lipid levels and renal function parameters were then measured. The results revealed that the body weight in the High‑DAG group was significantly reduced compared with the TAG group, while there was no significant difference in the food intake between TAG and DAG groups. BG, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), TAG, low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol, urine protein and urine albumin levels were significantly reduced, while high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly increased in the two DAG groups. In addition, hematoxylin‑eosin stained glomeruli presented decreased glomerular enlargement and mesangial expansion in the DAG groups. Immunohistochemical detection revealed that the levels of transforming growth factor‑β1 and connective tissue growth factor in renal tissues of the DAG groups were also significantly reduced compared with the TAG group. These findings indicate that DAG oils can significantly reduce BG levels and the deposition of AGEs in renal tissue, as well as regulate the levels of transforming growth factor‑β1 and connective tissue growth factor, thus delaying the progression of nephropathy.

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