Females with fetuses which are considered small for gestational age (SGA) or a large for gestational age (LGA) require increased attention as regards the management of pregnancy, as they may have various pregnancy‑related complications at birth. Stillbirths are the result of fetal growth retardation (FGR) and reduced fetal reserve from stress during labor and these fetuses often do not reach their optimal birth weight. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between fetal weight and maternal physiological and pathological characteristics. The present study was a retrospective study. In the present study, 6,547 individual charts and illness lists of pregnant women hospitalized for delivery in antenatal clinics and maternity hospitals were analyzed. The results revealed that maternal physiological and pathological characteristics were statistically higher in the group of newborns with SGA and LGA than the group of newborns with a normal weight. According to the ROC analysis, maternal age, weight and body mass index (BMI) were independently associated with the risk of prediction of SGA or LGA. It was found that the maternal BMI at the beginning of pregnancy could influence the birth weight of the newborns. The maternal age and BMI were independently associated with the risk of predicting of stillbirth or perinatal mortality. On the whole, these results indicate a high risk of stillbirth and perinatal mortality regardless of fetal weight in the study population. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the risk of stillbirth and perinatal mortality in healthy newborns, as well as in small newborns who were born with a normal weight, but have FGR.

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