Secondary prevention of stroke: Pleiotropic effects of optimal oral pharmacotherapy (Review)

Kikuchi,Kiyoshi; Kawahara,Ko-Ichi; Miura,Naoki; Ito,Takashi; Morimoto,Yoko; Tancharoen,Salunya; Takeshige,Nobuyuki; Uchikado,Hisaaki; Sakamoto,Rokudai; Miyagi,Naohisa; Kikuchi,Chiemi; Iida,Narumi; Shiomi,Naoto; Kuramoto,Terukazu; Hirohata,Masaru; Maruyama,Ikuro; Morioka,Motohiro; Tanaka,Eiichiro

doi:10.3892/etm.2012.560

Secondary prevention of stroke: Pleiotropic effects of optimal oral pharmacotherapy (Review)

Authors:
- Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- Ko-Ichi Kawahara
- Naoki Miura
- Takashi Ito
- Yoko Morimoto
- Salunya Tancharoen
- Nobuyuki Takeshige
- Hisaaki Uchikado
- Rokudai Sakamoto
- Naohisa Miyagi
- Chiemi Kikuchi
- Narumi Iida
- Naoto Shiomi
- Terukazu Kuramoto
- Masaru Hirohata
- Ikuro Maruyama
- Motohiro Morioka
- Eiichiro Tanaka
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Affiliations: Department of Neurosurgery, Yame Public General Hospital, Yame 834-0034, Japan, Laboratory of Functional Foods, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan, Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890‑0065, Japan, Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Rajthevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan, Department of Rehabilitation, Nishida Koutoku Hospital, Saiki, Oita 876-0047, Japan, Research Laboratory, Kohjin Co., Ltd., Saiki, Oita 876-8580, Japan, Emergency Department, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, Rittou, Shiga 520-3046, Japan, Department of Neurosurgery, Omuta City General Hospital, Omuta, Fukuoka 836‑8567, Japan, Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890‑8520, Japan, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
Published online on: April 24, 2012 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2012.560
Pages: 3-7

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Abstract

Stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide. During the past three decades, major advances have occurred in secondary prevention, which have demonstrated the broader potential for the prevention of stroke. Risk factors for stroke include previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, hypertension, high blood cholesterol and diabetes. Proven secondary prevention strategies are antiplatelet agents, antihypertensive drugs, statins and glycemic control. In the present review, we evaluated the secondary prevention of stroke in light of clinical studies and discuss new pleiotropic effects beyond the original effects and emerging clinical evidence, with a focus on the effect of optimal oral pharmacotherapy.

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