Effect of a traditional Japanese garlic preparation on blood pressure in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults

Nakasone,Yasushi; Nakamura,Yosuke; Yamamoto,Tetsuro; Yamaguchi,Hideyo

doi:10.3892/etm.2012.819

Effect of a traditional Japanese garlic preparation on blood pressure in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults

Authors:
- Yasushi Nakasone
- Yosuke Nakamura
- Tetsuro Yamamoto
- Hideyo Yamaguchi
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Kenkoukazoku, Inc., Kagoshima 892-0848, Japan, Medical Corporation Keiaikai Nakamura Hospital, Oita 874-0937, Japan, Research Center, Total Technological Consultant Co., Ltd., Tokyo 150‑0021, Japan
Published online on: November 20, 2012 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2012.819
Pages: 399-405

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Numerous clinical studies have used differing garlic preparations leading to controversial results with regard to the hypotensive effect of garlic. This randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled study was designed to determine the effect of a traditional Japanese garlic homogenate‑based supplementary diet (GH diet) product on blood pressure (BP) in subjects with prehypertension and in those with mild hypertension. In total, 34 eligible subjects with prehypertension and 47 with mild hypertension were treated with a daily dose of GH diet (300 mg as dried garlic homogenate; n=16 and 23, respectively) or placebo (n=18 and 24, respectively) for 12 weeks. Of these, 32 prehypertensive subjects (15 on the GH diet and 17 on the placebo) and 40 mildly hypertensive subjects (19 on the GH diet and 21 on the placebo) completed the study and were subjected to efficacy analyses. Systolic and diastolic BPs were monitored at weeks 4, 8 and 12 during the treatment and at post‑week 4 following the termination of the treatment. The GH diet induced significant reductions of systolic BP (of between 6.6 and 7.5 mmHg) and diastolic BP (of between 4.6 and 5.2 mmHg) compared with the placebo subsequent to 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. A 12‑week intake of the GH diet did not cause any clinically problematic side‑effects. We conclude that the GH diet was well tolerated, and had a clinically relevant hypotensive effect in adults with mild hypertension, but not in those with prehypertension.

View Figures

View References

1.	Kannel WB: Framingham study insights into hypertensive risk of cardiovascular disease. Hypertens Res. 18:181–196. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2.	Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT Jr and Roccella EJ; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure and National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee: The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 289:2560–2572. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar
3.	Chockalingam A: World hypertension day and global awareness. Can J Cardiol. 24:441–444. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4.	Julius S and Shork MA: Borderline hypertension - a critical review. J Chronic Dis. 23:723–754. 1971. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5.	Vasan RS, Larson MG, Leip EP, Kannel WB and Levy D: Assessment of frequency of progression to hypertension in non-hypertensive participants in the Framingham Heart Study: a cohort study. Lancet. 358:1682–1686. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6.	Vasan RS, Larson MG, Leip EP, Evans JC, O'Donnell CJ, Kannel WB and Levy D: Impact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 345:1291–1297. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7.	The Japanese Society of Hypertension: Japanese Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of hypertension 2004 (JSH 2004). Hypertens Res. 29(Suppl): S1–S105. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8.	Banerjee SK and Maulik SK: Effect of garlic on cardiovascular disorders: a review. Nutr J. 1:42002. View Article : Google Scholar
9.	Brace LD: Cardiovascular benefits of garlic (Allium sativum L). J Cardiovasc Nurs. 16:33–49. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar
10.	Yeh GY, Davis RB and Phillips RS: Use of complementary therapies in patients with cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol. 98:673–680. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11.	Chen ZY, Peng C, Jiao R, Wong YM, Yang N and Huang Y: Anti-hypertensive nutraceuticals and functional foods. J Agric Food Chem. 57:4485–4499. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12.	Ackermann RT, Mulrow CD, Ramirez G, Gardner CD, Morbidoni L and Lawrence VA: Garlic shows promise for improving some cardiovascular risk factors. Arch Intern Med. 161:813–824. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13.	Reinhart KM, Coleman CI, Teevan C, Vachhani P and White CM: Effects of garlic on blood pressure in patients with and without systolic hypertension: a meta-analysis. Ann Pharmacother. 42:1766–1771. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14.	Ried K, Frank OR, Stocks NP, Fakler P and Sullivan T: Effect of garlic on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 8:132008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
15.	Simons S, Wollersheim H and Thien T: A systematic review on the influence of trial quality on the effect of garlic on blood pressure. Neth J Med. 67:212–219. 2009.PubMed/NCBI
16.	Tanaka S, Watabe K and Yamaguchi H: Studies on the mechanism of antihypertensive action of a garlic homogenate-based diet ‘Dento Ninniku Ran-ou’ using isolated rat aorta preparations. Oyo Yakuri (Pharmacometrics). 82:21–28. 2012.(In Japanese).
17.	Silagy CA and Neil HA: A meta-analysis of the effect of garlic on blood pressure. J Hypertens. 12:463–468. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18.	Kandziora J: The blood pressure lowering and lipid lowering effect of a garlic preparation in combination with a diuretic. Arztl Forsch. 3:1–8. 1988.
19.	Vorberg G and Schneider B: Therapy with garlic: results of a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Br J Clin Pract Suppl. 69:7–11. 1990.PubMed/NCBI
20.	De Santos AOS and Grunwald J: Effect of garlic powder tablets on blood lipids, blood pressure and well being. A placebo controlled double-blind study. Br J Clin Res. 4:37–44. 1993.
21.	Sobenin IA, Andrianova IV, Fomchenkov IV, Gorchakova TV and Orekhov AN: Time-released garlic powder tablets lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure in men with mild and moderate arterial hypertension. Hypertens Res. 32:433–437. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar
22.	Jain AK, Vargas R, Gotzkowsky S and McMahon FG: Can garlic reduce levels of serum lipids? A controlled clinical study. Am J Med. 94:632–635. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23.	Isaacsohn JL, Moser M, Stein EA, Dudley K, Davey JA, Liskov E and Black HR: Garlic powder and plasma lipids and lipoproteins: A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 158:1189–1194. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24.	Zhang XH, Lowe D, Giles P, Fell S, Board AR, Baughan JA, Connock MJ and Maslin DJ: A randomized trial of the effects of garlic oil upon coronary heart disease risk factors in trained male runners. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 11:67–74. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
25.	Williams MJ, Sutherland WH, McCormick MP, Yeoman DJ and de Jong SA: Aged garlic extract improves endothelial function in men with coronary artery disease. Phytother Res. 19:314–319. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
26.	Macan H, Uykimpang R, Alconcel M, Takasu J, Razon R, Amagase H and Niihara Y: Aged garlic extract may be safe for patients on warfarin therapy. J Nutr. 136(Suppl 3): 793S–795S. 2006.PubMed/NCBI
27.	Julius S, Nesbitt SD, Egan BM, Weber MA, Michelson EL, Kaciroti N, Black HR, Grimm RH Jr, Messerli FH, Oparil S and Schork MA; Trial of Preventing Hypertension (TROPHY) Study Investigators: Feasibility of treating prehypertension with an angiotensin–receptor blocker. N Engl J Med. 354:1685–1697. 2006.
28.	Auer W, Eiber A, Hertkorn E, Hoehfeld E, Koehrle U, Lorenz A, Mader F, Merx W, Otto G, Schmid-Otto B, et al: Hypertension and hyperlipidaemia: garlic helps in mild cases. Br J Clin Pract Suppl. 69:3–6. 1990.PubMed/NCBI
29.	McInnes GT: Lowering blood pressure for cardiovascular risk reduction. J Hypertens Suppl. 23:S3–S8. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
30.	Tanaka S, Watabe K, Ubukata K and Yamaguchi H: Antihypertensive effects of ‘garlic-egg’ powder and γ-glutamyl-S-allyl-cysteine (GSAC), in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Oyo Yakuri (Pharmacometrics). 71:73–78. 2006.(In Japanese).
31.	Watabe K, Tanaka S and Yamaguchi H: Studies on the mechanism of antihypertensive action of a constituents of garlic, γ-glutamyl-S-allyl-cysteine (GSAC). Oyo Yakuri (Pharmacometrics). 71:79–87. 2006.(In Japanese).
32.	Turner B, Mølgaard C and Marckmann P: Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) powder tablets on serum lipids, blood pressure and arterial stiffness in normo-lipidaemic volunteers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 92:701–706. 2004.
33.	Khoo YS and Aziz Z: Garlic supplementation and serum cholesterol: a meta-analysis. J Clin Pharm Ther. 34:133–145. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
34.	Borrelli F, Capasso R and Izzo AA: Garlic (Allium sativum L): adverse effects and drug interactions in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res. 51:1386–1397. 2007.