Hypothermic treatment after computer‑controlled compression in minipig: A preliminary report on the effect of epidural vs. direct spinal cord cooling

Zavodska,Monika; Galik,Jan; Marsala,Martin; Papcunova,Stefania; Pavel,Jaroslav; Racekova,Eniko; Martoncikova,Marcela; Sulla,Igor; Gajdos,Miroslav; Lukac,Imrich; Kafka,Jozef; Ledecky,Valent; Sulla,Igor; Reichel,Peter; Trbolova,Alexandra; Capik,Igor; Bimbova,Katarina; Bacova,Maria; Stropkovska,Andrea; Kisucka,Alexandra; Miklisova,Dana; Lukacova,Nadezda

doi:10.3892/etm.2018.6831

Hypothermic treatment after computer‑controlled compression in minipig: A preliminary report on the effect of epidural vs. direct spinal cord cooling

Authors:
- Monika Zavodska
- Jan Galik
- Martin Marsala
- Stefania Papcunova
- Jaroslav Pavel
- Eniko Racekova
- Marcela Martoncikova
- Igor Sulla
- Miroslav Gajdos
- Imrich Lukac
- Jozef Kafka
- Valent Ledecky
- Igor Sulla
- Peter Reichel
- Alexandra Trbolova
- Igor Capik
- Katarina Bimbova
- Maria Bacova
- Andrea Stropkovska
- Alexandra Kisucka
- Dana Miklisova
- Nadezda Lukacova
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Affiliations: Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pavol Jozef Safarik, 040 66 Košice, Slovakia, Department of Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia, Department of Vector-borne Diseases, Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
Published online on: October 5, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.6831
Pages: 4927-4942
Copyright: © Zavodska et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of local hypothermia (beginning 30 min post‑injury persisting for 5 h) on tissue preservation along the rostro‑caudal axis of the spinal cord (3 cm cranially and caudally from the lesion site), and the prevention of injury‑induced functional loss in a newly developed computer‑controlled compression model in minipig (force of impact 18N at L3 level), which mimics severe spinal cord injury (SCI). Minipigs underwent SCI with two post‑injury modifications (durotomy vs. intact dura mater) followed by hypothermia through a perfusion chamber with cold (epidural t≈15˚C) saline, DMEM/F12 or enriched DMEM/F12 (SCI/durotomy group) and with room temperature (t≈24˚C) saline (SCI‑only group). Minipigs treated with post‑SCI durotomy demonstrated slower development of spontaneous neurological improvement at the early postinjury time points, although the outcome at 9 weeks of survival did not differ significantly between the two SCI groups. Hypothermia with saline (t≈15˚C) applied after SCI‑durotomy improved white matter integrity in the dorsal and lateral columns in almost all rostro‑caudal segments, whereas treatment with medium/enriched medium affected white matter integrity only in the rostral segments. Furthermore, regeneration of neurofilaments in the spinal cord after SCI‑durotomy and hypothermic treatments indicated an important role of local saline hypothermia in the functional outcome. Although saline hypothermia (24˚C) in the SCI‑only group exhibited a profound histological outcome (regarding the gray and white matter integrity and the number of motoneurons) and neurofilament protection in general, none of the tested treatments resulted in significant improvement of neurological status. The findings suggest that clinically‑proven medical treatments for SCI combined with early 5 h‑long saline hypothermia treatment without opening the dural sac could be more beneficial for tissue preservation and neurological outcome compared with hypothermia applied after durotomy.

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