Open Access

Candidate genes and pathways associated with brain metastasis from lung cancer compared with lymph node metastasis

  • Authors:
    • Xuelian Zhao
    • Nan Wang
    • Tungamirai Chidanguro
    • Huanyu Gu
    • Yi Li
    • Huiru Cao
    • Pushuai Wen
    • Fu Ren
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: June 26, 2019     https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7712
  • Pages: 1276-1284
  • Copyright: © Zhao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Brain metastasis from lung cancer (BMLC) is one of the common types of metastasis associated with poor prognosis. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of BMLC. The mRNA microarray dataset GSE18549 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The Limma package of R was used to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Based on the DAVID database, functional and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. Furthermore, the protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network was predicted using the STRING database and visualized with Cytoscape software. In addition, hub genes and significant modules were selected based on the network. A total of 190 DEGs with log2|(fold change)|>1, including 129 significantly downregulated DEGs and 61 upregulated DEGs, were obtained. Gene Ontology functional enrichment analysis indicated that downregulated DEGs were mainly associated with ‘immune response’, ‘cell activation’ and ‘leukocyte activation’, while the upregulated DEGs were involved in ‘DNA repair’ and ‘viral process’. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis indicated that the downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in ‘chemokine signaling pathway’, whereas the upregulated DEGs were associated with ‘oocyte meiosis’. Based on the PPI network, 9 hub genes were selected, namely tumor necrosis factor, C‑C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 2, CD34, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, CD48, CD27, CCL19, C‑X‑C motif chemokine receptor 6 and C‑C motif chemokine receptor 2. The present study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of BMLC and may provide molecular targets and diagnostic biomarkers for BMLC.
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August-2019
Volume 18 Issue 2

Print ISSN: 1792-0981
Online ISSN:1792-1015

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Spandidos Publications style
Zhao X, Wang N, Chidanguro T, Gu H, Li Y, Cao H, Wen P and Ren F: Candidate genes and pathways associated with brain metastasis from lung cancer compared with lymph node metastasis. Exp Ther Med 18: 1276-1284, 2019.
APA
Zhao, X., Wang, N., Chidanguro, T., Gu, H., Li, Y., Cao, H. ... Ren, F. (2019). Candidate genes and pathways associated with brain metastasis from lung cancer compared with lymph node metastasis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 18, 1276-1284. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7712
MLA
Zhao, X., Wang, N., Chidanguro, T., Gu, H., Li, Y., Cao, H., Wen, P., Ren, F."Candidate genes and pathways associated with brain metastasis from lung cancer compared with lymph node metastasis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18.2 (2019): 1276-1284.
Chicago
Zhao, X., Wang, N., Chidanguro, T., Gu, H., Li, Y., Cao, H., Wen, P., Ren, F."Candidate genes and pathways associated with brain metastasis from lung cancer compared with lymph node metastasis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 18, no. 2 (2019): 1276-1284. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7712