Exercise reduces hyperlipidemia‑induced kidney damage in apolipoprotein E‑deficient mice

Qian,Chengsi; Yang,Qin; Guo,Lipeng; Zhu,Hupei; You,Xi; Liu,Hongyang; Sun,Yan

doi:10.3892/etm.2020.9585

Exercise reduces hyperlipidemia‑induced kidney damage in apolipoprotein E‑deficient mice

Authors:
- Chengsi Qian
- Qin Yang
- Lipeng Guo
- Hupei Zhu
- Xi You
- Hongyang Liu
- Yan Sun
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Affiliations: Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Province Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, P.R. China, Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China, Department of Cardiology, Dalian Third People's Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116200, P.R. China, Department of Heart Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
Published online on: December 17, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.9585
Article Number: 153
Copyright: © Qian et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor of kidney damage that can lead to chronic kidney disease. Studies have shown that exercise reduces kidney damage; however, the specific mechanisms underlying the protective effects of exercise remain unclear. For 12 weeks, 8‑week‑old male apolipoprotein E‑deficient (ApoE^‑/‑) mice were randomly divided into four treatment groups (n=7/group) as follows: Mice fed a normal diet (ND group); mice fed a ND and exercised (ND + E group); mice fed a high‑fat diet (HD group); and mice fed a HD and exercised (HD + E group). Exercise training consisted of swimming for 40 min, 5 days/week. Metabolic parameters, such as low‑density lipoprotein‑cholesterol, total cholesterol and creatinine levels were higher in the ApoE^‑/‑ HD mice compared with those in the ApoE^‑/‑ HD + E mice. Serum levels of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased in the HD group compared with those in the HD + E group. Significant pathological changes were observed in the HD + E group compared with in the HD group. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting revealed increased levels of oxidative stress (nuclear factor erythroid‑2‑related factor 2) and fibrosis (Smad3 and TGF‑β) markers in the ApoE^‑/‑ HD group; however, the expression levels of these markers were significantly decreased in the ApoE^‑/‑ HD + E group. Furthermore, NF‑κB expression in the HD + E group was significantly lower compared with that in the HD group. These results suggested that exercise may exert protective effects against kidney damage caused by hyperlipidemia.

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