Open Access

Changes in peri‑ocular anatomy and physiology in pseudoexfoliation syndrome (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Efstathios T. Detorakis
    • Georgios Bontzos
    • Eleni E. Drakonaki
    • Demetrios A. Spandidos
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  • Published online on: April 19, 2021     https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10082
  • Article Number: 650
  • Copyright: © Detorakis et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is characterized by the deposition of proteinaceous material in the anterior ocular segment (resulting in ophthalmic pathologies such as glaucoma and increased risk of complications in cataract surgery), but also by several systemic manifestations. The involvement of peri‑ocular tissues in PEX, including the eyelid skin, lacrimal gland, conjunctiva, orbital fat and vessels, as well as the optic nerve, has been reported by several previous studies. The peri‑ocular effects of PEX include the development of eyelid laxity, conjunctival chalasis, tear film abnormalities, pronounced orbital fat atrophy in response to the administration of prostaglandin analogues in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, deficient orbital vascular supply and biomechanical changes in both the eyeball and the optic nerve. These effects may have important clinical implications, including increased difficulty in cataract surgery, ocular surface disease and eyelid margin malpositions.
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June-2021
Volume 21 Issue 6

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Spandidos Publications style
Detorakis ET, Bontzos G, Drakonaki EE and Spandidos DA: Changes in peri‑ocular anatomy and physiology in pseudoexfoliation syndrome (Review). Exp Ther Med 21: 650, 2021.
APA
Detorakis, E.T., Bontzos, G., Drakonaki, E.E., & Spandidos, D.A. (2021). Changes in peri‑ocular anatomy and physiology in pseudoexfoliation syndrome (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 21, 650. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10082
MLA
Detorakis, E. T., Bontzos, G., Drakonaki, E. E., Spandidos, D. A."Changes in peri‑ocular anatomy and physiology in pseudoexfoliation syndrome (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21.6 (2021): 650.
Chicago
Detorakis, E. T., Bontzos, G., Drakonaki, E. E., Spandidos, D. A."Changes in peri‑ocular anatomy and physiology in pseudoexfoliation syndrome (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 21, no. 6 (2021): 650. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10082