Skeletal microenvironment system utilising bovine bone scaffold co‑cultured with human osteoblasts and osteoclast‑like cells

Jolly,James Jam; Mohd Fozi,Nur Farhana; Chin,Kok-Yong; Wong,Sok Kuan; Chua,Kien Hui; Alias,Ekram; Adnan,Nur Sabariah; Ima‑Nirwana,Soelaiman

doi:10.3892/etm.2021.10112

Skeletal microenvironment system utilising bovine bone scaffold co‑cultured with human osteoblasts and osteoclast‑like cells

Authors:
- James Jam Jolly
- Nur Farhana Mohd Fozi
- Kok-Yong Chin
- Sok Kuan Wong
- Kien Hui Chua
- Ekram Alias
- Nur Sabariah Adnan
- Soelaiman Ima‑Nirwana
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Affiliations: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
Published online on: April 25, 2021 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2021.10112
Article Number: 680
Copyright: © Jolly et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

A three‑dimensional ex vivo bone cell culture system mimicking the skeletal system is useful for bone tissue engineering and as drug discovery platforms. The present study aimed to establish a three‑dimensional skeletal culture system using native bovine bone scaffolds and human bone cells. Bovine bone scaffolds were cultured with human foetal osteoblasts 1.19 and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells for 21 days under standard culture conditions. The following groups were established: Decalcified unseeded bone scaffold (DUBS) as baseline control, decalcified seeded bone scaffold (DSBS) to mimic osteoporosis condition and undecalcified seeded bone scaffold to mimic normal condition. The scaffold's porosity and cell attachment on the scaffolds were determined using scanning electron microscopy. Histological evaluation was used to examine changes in trabecular bone structure. Dual‑energy X‑ray absorptiometry analysis was performed to determine the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of the scaffolds. A compression test was performed to examine the total biomechanical strength of the scaffolds. The trabecular thickness and number increased, while the trabecular separationwas reduced slightly in DSBS than in DUBS (P>0.05). The BMD and BMC increased significantly (P<0.05), while the compressive strength only increased slightly in DSBS than in DUBS (P>0.05). In conclusion, the ex vivo skeletal microenvironment comprising native bovine bone scaffolds seeded with bone cells is structurally, functionally and mechanically comparable with natural bone. This system may be used as a platform to understand bone physiology and screen for potential drug candidates.

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