Cyclooxygenase‑2 contributes to the hypoxia‑induced aggravation of the neuroinflammation response stimulated by lipopolysaccharide in microglia

Yang,Yifan; Geng,Yanan; Cheng,Xiang; Gao,Jiayue; Shi,Zibi; Zhao,Ming

doi:10.3892/etm.2023.11822

Cyclooxygenase‑2 contributes to the hypoxia‑induced aggravation of the neuroinflammation response stimulated by lipopolysaccharide in microglia

Authors:
- Yifan Yang
- Yanan Geng
- Xiang Cheng
- Jiayue Gao
- Zibi Shi
- Ming Zhao
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Affiliations: Department of Pain Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China, Department of Brain Plasticity, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, P.R. China
Published online on: February 3, 2023 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.11822
Article Number: 123
Copyright: © Yang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Hypoxia and neuroinflammation are key risk factors involved in various pathophysiological neural disorders. Hypoxia can aggravate neuroinflammation in vitro and in vivo; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In the present study, hypoxia [either 3 or 1% oxygen (O₂)] increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced expression of the IL‑6, IL‑1β and TNF‑α proinflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells. At the molecular level, both hypoxia and FG‑4592, an hypoxia inducible factor 1 pathway activator, effectively induced cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) expression. The COX‑2 inhibitor celecoxib significantly reduced the expression of cytokines induced by LPS under hypoxic conditions. Additionally, the administration of celecoxib inhibited the activation of microglia as well as cytokine expression in mice administered with hypoxia exposure and LPS injection. The present data demonstrated that COX‑2 is involved in the hypoxia‑induced aggravation of neuroinflammation stimulated by LPS.

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