Inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation by <em>Solanum nigrum</em> by suppressing adipogenesis and inducing lipolysis, thermogenesis and autophagy in 3T3‑L1 cells

Choi,Jeong Won; Choi,Hyeok Jin; Ryu,Gwang Hyeon; Lee,Jae Won; Jeong,Jin Boo

doi:10.3892/etm.2023.12032

Inhibition of lipid droplet accumulation by Solanum nigrum by suppressing adipogenesis and inducing lipolysis, thermogenesis and autophagy in 3T3‑L1 cells

Authors:
- Jeong Won Choi
- Hyeok Jin Choi
- Gwang Hyeon Ryu
- Jae Won Lee
- Jin Boo Jeong
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Affiliations: Department of Forest Science, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongsangbuk‑do 36729, Republic of Korea
Published online on: May 19, 2023 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12032
Article Number: 333
Copyright: © Choi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

It has been reported that Solanum nigrum exhibits anti‑obesity effects in animal models induced by a high‑fat diet. However, research on how Solanum nigrum exerts its anti‑obesity effects is currently limited. Thus, the present study focused on identifying the mechanism of action associated with the anti‑obesity activity of Solanum nigrum aerial part (SNAP), which significantly inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets in differentiating 3T3‑L1 cells. Intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3‑L1 cells was analyzed by Oil‑Red O staining and glycerol content was analyzed using an ELISA kit. In addition, changes in protein expression within 3T3‑L1 cells were analyzed using western blot analysis. It decreased the expression level of adipogenic proteins such as CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein α, Peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ, fatty acid binding protein 4, and adiponectin. In addition, SNAP increased the expression levels of lipolytic proteins, such as adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone‑sensitive lipase, while decreasing perilipin‑1. The treatment of fully differentiated 3T3‑L1 cells increased the free glycerol levels. SNAP treatment resulted in increased AMP‑activated protein kinase phosphorylation and the expression levels of thermogenic proteins (peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor‑γ coactivator 1‑α, PR domain containing 16 and uncoupling protein 1) and an autophagic protein (LC3‑II). Overall, these results suggested that SNAP inhibited lipid droplet accumulation by suppressing adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis, thermogenesis and autophagy.

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