Inflammation biomarkers IL‑6 and IL‑10 may improve the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of currently authorized traumatic brain injury tools

Tsitsipanis,Christos; Miliaraki,Marianna; Paflioti,Elina; Lazarioti,Sofia; Moustakis,Nikolaos; Ntotsikas,Konstantinos; Theofanopoulos,Athanasios; Ilia,Stavroula; Vakis,Antonis; Simos,Panagiotis; Venihaki,Maria

doi:10.3892/etm.2023.12063

Inflammation biomarkers IL‑6 and IL‑10 may improve the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of currently authorized traumatic brain injury tools

Authors:
- Christos Tsitsipanis
- Marianna Miliaraki
- Elina Paflioti
- Sofia Lazarioti
- Nikolaos Moustakis
- Konstantinos Ntotsikas
- Athanasios Theofanopoulos
- Stavroula Ilia
- Antonis Vakis
- Panagiotis Simos
- Maria Venihaki
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Affiliations: Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece, Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece, Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece, Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Ierapetra, 72200 Ierapetra, Greece, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
Published online on: June 12, 2023 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12063
Article Number: 364
Copyright: © Tsitsipanis et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is currently one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide. At present, no reliable inflammatory or specific molecular neurobiomarker exists in any of the standard models proposed for TBI classification or prognostication. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess the value of a group of inflammatory mediators for evaluating acute TBI, in combination with clinical, laboratory and radiological indices and prognostic clinical scales. In the present single‑centre, prospective observational study, 109 adult patients with TBI, 20 adult healthy controls and a pilot group of 17 paediatric patients with TBI from a Neurosurgical Department and two intensive care units of University General Hospital of Heraklion, Greece were recruited. Blood measurements using the ELISA method, of cytokines IL‑6, IL‑8 and IL‑10, ubiquitin C‑terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH‑L1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein, were performed. Compared with those in healthy control individuals, elevated IL‑6 and IL‑10 but reduced levels of IL‑8 were found on day 1 in adult patients with TBI. In terms of TBI severity classifications, higher levels of IL‑6 (P=0.001) and IL‑10 (P=0.009) on day 1 in the adult group were found to be associated with more severe TBI according to widely used clinical and functional scales. Moreover, elevated IL‑6 and IL‑10 in adults were found to be associated with more serious brain imaging findings (rs<0.442; P<0.007). Subsequent multivariate logistic regression analysis in adults revealed that early‑measured (day 1) IL‑6 [odds ratio (OR)=0.987; P=0.025] and UCH‑L1 (OR=0.993; P=0.032) are significant independent predictors of an unfavourable outcome. In conclusion, results from the present study suggest that inflammatory molecular biomarkers may prove to be valuable diagnostic and prognostic tools for TBI.

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