Open Access

Role of the tumor microenvironment in the lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Lufang Wang
    • Shuyan Yi
    • Yun Teng
    • Wenhan Li
    • Jing Cai
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: September 1, 2023     https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12185
  • Article Number: 486
  • Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Lymphatic metastasis is the primary type of cervical cancer metastasis and is associated with an extremely poor prognosis in patients. The tumor microenvironment primarily includes cancer‑associated fibroblasts, tumor‑associated macrophages, myeloid‑derived suppressor cells, immune and inflammatory cells, and blood and lymphatic vascular networks, which can promote the establishment of lymphatic metastatic sites within immunosuppressive microenvironments or promote lymphatic metastasis by stimulating lymphangiogenesis and epithelial‑mesenchymal transformation. As the most important feature of the tumor microenvironment, hypoxia plays an essential role in lymph node metastasis. In this review, the known mechanisms of hypoxia, and the involvement of stromal components and immune inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment of lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer are discussed. Additionally, a summary of the clinical trials targeting the tumor microenvironment for the treatment of cervical cancer is provided, emphasizing the potential and challenges of immunotherapy.
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October-2023
Volume 26 Issue 4

Print ISSN: 1792-0981
Online ISSN:1792-1015

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Wang L, Yi S, Teng Y, Li W and Cai J: Role of the tumor microenvironment in the lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer (Review). Exp Ther Med 26: 486, 2023
APA
Wang, L., Yi, S., Teng, Y., Li, W., & Cai, J. (2023). Role of the tumor microenvironment in the lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 26, 486. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12185
MLA
Wang, L., Yi, S., Teng, Y., Li, W., Cai, J."Role of the tumor microenvironment in the lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26.4 (2023): 486.
Chicago
Wang, L., Yi, S., Teng, Y., Li, W., Cai, J."Role of the tumor microenvironment in the lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 26, no. 4 (2023): 486. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2023.12185