Open Access

Effects of an intravitreal injection of interleukin-35-expressing plasmid on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines

  • Authors:
    • Chao Hou
    • Qianni Wu
    • Chen Ouyang
    • Ting Huang
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: July 22, 2016     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2688
  • Pages: 713-720
  • Copyright: © Hou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

In order to explore the potential effects of interleukin (IL)-35 on IL-10, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interferon-γ (INF)-γ, IL-12 and IL-17, a pcDNA3.1‑IL-35 plasmid was injected into the vitreous cavity of BALB/c mice. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot analysis and quantitative PCR analysis were performed to confirm the successful expression of IL-35. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy, hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunofluorescence were employed to detect the status of eyes, and western blot analysis was performed to examine the expression of corneal graft rejection-related cytokines. There were no abnormalities in the eyes pre-mydriasis or post-mydriasis and no injuries to the cornea or retina following the injection of IL-35-expressing plasmid. An immunofluorescence assay detected the positive expression of IL-35 in corneal epithelial cells from IL-35‑injected mice and negative staining in the control group. Further study revealed that IL-35 enhanced the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β which reached their highest levels at 1 and 2 weeks after injection, respectively (p<0.01). Moreover, the expression of INF-γ and IL-12 was decreased significantly at 2 weeks after the injection of IL-35-expressing plasmid (p<0.05), and the expression of IL-17 was suppressed notably at 4 weeks after the injection (p<0.05). The intravitreal injection of IL-35-expressing plasmid in mice downregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulates the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, IL-35 may further be assessed as a potential target for the treatment of corneal graft rejection.
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September-2016
Volume 38 Issue 3

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

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Spandidos Publications style
Hou C, Wu Q, Ouyang C and Huang T: Effects of an intravitreal injection of interleukin-35-expressing plasmid on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Int J Mol Med 38: 713-720, 2016.
APA
Hou, C., Wu, Q., Ouyang, C., & Huang, T. (2016). Effects of an intravitreal injection of interleukin-35-expressing plasmid on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 38, 713-720. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2688
MLA
Hou, C., Wu, Q., Ouyang, C., Huang, T."Effects of an intravitreal injection of interleukin-35-expressing plasmid on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 38.3 (2016): 713-720.
Chicago
Hou, C., Wu, Q., Ouyang, C., Huang, T."Effects of an intravitreal injection of interleukin-35-expressing plasmid on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 38, no. 3 (2016): 713-720. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2016.2688