Open Access

Macrophage-derived foam cells impair endothelial barrier function by inducing endothelial-mesenchymal transition via CCL-4

  • Authors:
    • Ying Yang
    • Nian-Sang Luo
    • Ru Ying
    • Yong Xie
    • Jia-Yuan Chen
    • Xiao-Qiao Wang
    • Zhen-Jie Gu
    • Jing-Ting Mai
    • Wen-Hao Liu
    • Mao-Xiong Wu
    • Zhi-Teng Chen
    • Yong-Biao Fang
    • Hai-Feng Zhang
    • Zhi-Yi Zuo
    • Jing-Feng Wang
    • Yang-Xin Chen
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: June 19, 2017     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3034
  • Pages: 558-568
  • Copyright: © Yang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Recently, endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) has been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis, the molecular mechanisms of which remain unclear. In the present study, scanning electron microscopy directly revealed a widened endothelial space and immunohistofluorescence demonstrated that EndMT was increased in human aorta atherosclerotic plaques. M1 macrophage-derived foam cell (M1-FC) supernatants, but not M2 macrophage-derived foam cell (M2-FC) supernatants, induced EndMT. A protein array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay identified that the levels of several cytokines, including C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 (CCL-4) were increased in M1-FC supernatants, in which EndMT was promoted, accompanied by increased endothelial permeability and monocyte adhesion. Furthermore, anti-CCL-4 antibody abolished the effects of M1-FC supernatants on EndMT. At the same time, CCL-4 activated its receptor, C-C motif chemokine receptor-5 (CCR-5), and upregulated transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression. Further experiments revealed that EndMT induced by CCL-4 was reversed by treatment with CCR-5 antagonist and the RNA-mediated knockdown of TGF-β. On the whole, the data of the present study suggest that M1-FCs induce EndMT by upregulating CCL-4, and increase endothelial permeability and monocyte adhesion. These data may help to elucidate the important role of EndMT in the development of atherosclerosis.
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August-2017
Volume 40 Issue 2

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

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Spandidos Publications style
Yang Y, Luo N, Ying R, Xie Y, Chen J, Wang X, Gu Z, Mai J, Liu W, Wu M, Wu M, et al: Macrophage-derived foam cells impair endothelial barrier function by inducing endothelial-mesenchymal transition via CCL-4. Int J Mol Med 40: 558-568, 2017.
APA
Yang, Y., Luo, N., Ying, R., Xie, Y., Chen, J., Wang, X. ... Chen, Y. (2017). Macrophage-derived foam cells impair endothelial barrier function by inducing endothelial-mesenchymal transition via CCL-4. International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 40, 558-568. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3034
MLA
Yang, Y., Luo, N., Ying, R., Xie, Y., Chen, J., Wang, X., Gu, Z., Mai, J., Liu, W., Wu, M., Chen, Z., Fang, Y., Zhang, H., Zuo, Z., Wang, J., Chen, Y."Macrophage-derived foam cells impair endothelial barrier function by inducing endothelial-mesenchymal transition via CCL-4". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 40.2 (2017): 558-568.
Chicago
Yang, Y., Luo, N., Ying, R., Xie, Y., Chen, J., Wang, X., Gu, Z., Mai, J., Liu, W., Wu, M., Chen, Z., Fang, Y., Zhang, H., Zuo, Z., Wang, J., Chen, Y."Macrophage-derived foam cells impair endothelial barrier function by inducing endothelial-mesenchymal transition via CCL-4". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 40, no. 2 (2017): 558-568. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2017.3034