Open Access

Vitamin D, zinc and glutamine: Synergistic action with OncoTherad immunomodulator in interferon signaling and COVID‑19 (Review)

  • Authors:
    • José João Name
    • Andrea Rodrigues Vasconcelos
    • Ana Carolina Remondi Souza
    • Wagner José Fávaro
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: January 4, 2021     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4844
  • Article Number: 11
  • Copyright: © Name et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), was identified in December, 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, it has continued to spread rapidly in numerous countries, while the search for effective therapeutic options persists. Coronaviruses, including SARS‑CoV‑2, are known to suppress and evade the antiviral responses of the host organism mediated by interferon (IFN), a family of cytokines that plays an important role in antiviral defenses associated with innate immunity, and has been used therapeutically for chronic viral diseases and cancer. On the other hand, OncoTherad, a safe and effective immunotherapeutic agent in the treatment of non‑muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), increases IFN signaling and has been shown to be a promising therapeutic approach for COVID‑19 in a case report that described the rapid recovery of a 78‑year‑old patient with NMIBC with comorbidities. The present review discusses the possible synergistic action of OncoTherad with vitamin D, zinc and glutamine, nutrients that have been shown to facilitate immune responses mediated by IFN signaling, as well as the potential of this combination as a therapeutic option for COVID‑19.
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March-2021
Volume 47 Issue 3

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

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Spandidos Publications style
Name JJ, Vasconcelos AR, Souza AC and Fávaro WJ: Vitamin D, zinc and glutamine: Synergistic action with OncoTherad immunomodulator in interferon signaling and COVID‑19 (Review). Int J Mol Med 47: 11, 2021.
APA
Name, J.J., Vasconcelos, A.R., Souza, A.C., & Fávaro, W.J. (2021). Vitamin D, zinc and glutamine: Synergistic action with OncoTherad immunomodulator in interferon signaling and COVID‑19 (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 47, 11. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4844
MLA
Name, J. J., Vasconcelos, A. R., Souza, A. C., Fávaro, W. J."Vitamin D, zinc and glutamine: Synergistic action with OncoTherad immunomodulator in interferon signaling and COVID‑19 (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 47.3 (2021): 11.
Chicago
Name, J. J., Vasconcelos, A. R., Souza, A. C., Fávaro, W. J."Vitamin D, zinc and glutamine: Synergistic action with OncoTherad immunomodulator in interferon signaling and COVID‑19 (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 47, no. 3 (2021): 11. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2021.4844