Open Access

Role of vitamins beyond vitamin D3 in bone health and osteoporosis (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Anatoly V. Skalny
    • Michael Aschner
    • Aristidis Tsatsakis
    • Joao B.T. Rocha
    • Abel Santamaria
    • Demetrios A. Spandidos
    • Airton C. Martins
    • Rongzhu Lu
    • Tatiana V. Korobeinikova
    • Wen Chen
    • Jung-Su Chang
    • Jane C.J. Chao
    • Chong Li
    • Alexey A. Tinkov
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: December 5, 2023     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2023.5333
  • Article Number: 9
  • Copyright: © Skalny et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )


Abstract

The objective of the present review was to summarize the molecular mechanisms associated with the effects of the vitamins A, C, E and K, and group B vitamins on bone and their potential roles in the development of osteoporosis. Epidemiological findings have demonstrated an association between vitamin deficiency and a higher risk of developing osteoporosis; vitamins are positively related to bone health upon their intake at the physiological range. Excessive vitamin intake can also adversely affect bone formation, as clearly demonstrated for vitamin A. Vitamins E (tocopherols and tocotrienols), K2 (menaquinones 4 and 7) and C have also been shown to promote osteoblast development through bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/Smad and Wnt/β‑catenin signaling, as well as the TGFβ/Smad pathway (α‑tocopherol). Vitamin A metabolite (all‑trans retinoic acid) exerts both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on BMP‑ and Wnt/β‑catenin‑mediated osteogenesis at the nanomolar and micromolar range, respectively. Certain vitamins significantly reduce receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‑B ligand (RANKL) production and RANKL/RANK signaling, while increasing the level of osteoprotegerin (OPG), thus reducing the RANKL/OPG ratio and exerting anti‑osteoclastogenic effects. Ascorbic acid can both promote and inhibit RANKL signaling, being essential for osteoclastogenesis. Vitamin K2 has also been shown to prevent vascular calcification by activating matrix Gla protein through its carboxylation. Therefore, the maintenance of a physiological intake of vitamins should be considered as a nutritional strategy for the prevention of osteoporosis.
View Figures
View References

Related Articles

Journal Cover

January-2024
Volume 53 Issue 1

Print ISSN: 1107-3756
Online ISSN:1791-244X

Sign up for eToc alerts

Recommend to Library

Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Skalny AV, Aschner M, Tsatsakis A, Rocha JB, Santamaria A, Spandidos DA, Martins AC, Lu R, Korobeinikova TV, Chen W, Chen W, et al: Role of vitamins beyond vitamin D<sub>3</sub> in bone health and osteoporosis (Review). Int J Mol Med 53: 9, 2024
APA
Skalny, A.V., Aschner, M., Tsatsakis, A., Rocha, J.B., Santamaria, A., Spandidos, D.A. ... Tinkov, A.A. (2024). Role of vitamins beyond vitamin D<sub>3</sub> in bone health and osteoporosis (Review). International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 53, 9. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2023.5333
MLA
Skalny, A. V., Aschner, M., Tsatsakis, A., Rocha, J. B., Santamaria, A., Spandidos, D. A., Martins, A. C., Lu, R., Korobeinikova, T. V., Chen, W., Chang, J., Chao, J. C., Li, C., Tinkov, A. A."Role of vitamins beyond vitamin D<sub>3</sub> in bone health and osteoporosis (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 53.1 (2024): 9.
Chicago
Skalny, A. V., Aschner, M., Tsatsakis, A., Rocha, J. B., Santamaria, A., Spandidos, D. A., Martins, A. C., Lu, R., Korobeinikova, T. V., Chen, W., Chang, J., Chao, J. C., Li, C., Tinkov, A. A."Role of vitamins beyond vitamin D<sub>3</sub> in bone health and osteoporosis (Review)". International Journal of Molecular Medicine 53, no. 1 (2024): 9. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2023.5333