ERGO: A pilot study of ketogenic diet in recurrent glioblastoma Erratum in /ijo/45/6/2605

Rieger,Johannes; Bähr,Oliver; Maurer,Gabriele D.; Hattingen,Elke; Franz,Kea; Brucker,Daniel; Walenta,Stefan; Kämmerer,Ulrike; Coy,Johannes F.; Weller,Michael; Steinbach,Joachim P.

doi:10.3892/ijo.2014.2382

ERGO: A pilot study of ketogenic diet in recurrent glioblastoma

Erratum in: /ijo/45/6/2605

Authors:
- Johannes Rieger
- Oliver Bähr
- Gabriele D. Maurer
- Elke Hattingen
- Kea Franz
- Daniel Brucker
- Stefan Walenta
- Ulrike Kämmerer
- Johannes F. Coy
- Michael Weller
- Joachim P. Steinbach
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Affiliations: Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Neurooncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany, Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany, Department for Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, D-55099 Mainz, Germany, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Würzburg, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany, Tavarlin AG, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
Published online on: April 11, 2014 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2014.2382
Pages: 1843-1852
Copyright: © Rieger et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY_NC 3.0].

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Abstract

Limiting dietary carbohydrates inhibits glioma growth in preclinical models. Therefore, the ERGO trial (NCT00575146) examined feasibility of a ketogenic diet in 20 patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Patients were put on a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet containing plant oils. Feasibility was the primary endpoint, secondary endpoints included the percentage of patients reaching urinary ketosis, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival. The effects of a ketogenic diet alone or in combination with bevacizumab was also explored in an orthotopic U87MG glioblastoma model in nude mice. Three patients (15%) discontinued the diet for poor tolerability. No serious adverse events attributed to the diet were observed. Urine ketosis was achieved at least once in 12 of 13 (92%) evaluable patients. One patient achieved a minor response and two patients had stable disease after 6 weeks. Median PFS of all patients was 5 (range, 3-13) weeks, median survival from enrollment was 32 weeks. The trial allowed to continue the diet beyond progression. Six of 7 (86%) patients treated with bevacizumab and diet experienced an objective response, and median PFS on bevacizumab was 20.1 (range, 12-124) weeks, for a PFS at 6 months of 43%. In the mouse glioma model, ketogenic diet alone had no effect on median survival, but increased that of bevacizumab-treated mice from 52 to 58 days (p<0.05). In conclusion, a ketogenic diet is feasible and safe but probably has no significant clinical activity when used as single agent in recurrent glioma. Further clinical trials are necessary to clarify whether calorie restriction or the combination with other therapeutic modalities, such as radiotherapy or anti-angiogenic treatments, could enhance the efficacy of the ketogenic diet.

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