Fe3O4-solamargine induces apoptosis and inhibits metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells Retraction in /10.3892/ijo.2024.5657

Xie,Xiaodong; Zhang,Xiuming; Chen,Jun; Tang,Xun; Wang,Meiqin; Zhang,Lei; Guo,Zhen; Shen,Wenrong

doi:10.3892/ijo.2018.4637

Fe3O4-solamargine induces apoptosis and inhibits metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells

Retraction in: /10.3892/ijo.2024.5657

Authors:
- Xiaodong Xie
- Xiuming Zhang
- Jun Chen
- Xun Tang
- Meiqin Wang
- Lei Zhang
- Zhen Guo
- Wenrong Shen
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Affiliations: Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China, Department of Intervention, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
Published online on: November 19, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2018.4637
Pages: 905-915
Copyright: © Xie et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Fe3O4-magnetic liposome (MLP) can deliver drugs to target tissues and can increase drug efficacy. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of solamargine (SM) and Fe3O4-SM in pancreatic cancer (PC). Cell viability was detected using a Cell Counting kit‑8 assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle progression was tested using a flow cytometry assay. A scratch assay was used to examine cell metastasis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis or immunohistochemical analysis were performed to determine the expression of target factors. Magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling were conducted to detect tumor growth and apoptosis in vivo, respectively. It was demonstrated that Fe3O4-SM inhibited cancer cell growth via a slow release of SM over an extended period of time. SM was revealed to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, SM decreased the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis, Survivin, Ki‑67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin D1, but increased the activity of caspase-3. It was also observed that SM inhibited tumor cell metastasis by modulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor-2. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and mechanistic target of rapamycin was suppressed by SM. Notably, the effect of SM was enhanced by Fe3O4-SM. The malignant growth of PC was decreased by SM in vivo. Furthermore, the expression of Ki‑67 was decreased by SM and Fe3O4-SM. Additionally, cell apoptosis was increased in the Fe3O4-SM group, compared with the SM group. The present study illustrated the antitumor effect and action mechanism produced by SM. Additionally, it was demonstrated that Fe3O4-SM was more effective than SM in protecting against PC.

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