Open Access

Riluzole: A neuroprotective drug with potential as a novel anti‑cancer agent (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Angelina Blyufer
    • Sonam Lhamo
    • Cassey Tam
    • Iffat Tariq
    • Thongthai Thavornwatanayong
    • Shahana S. Mahajan
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: October 27, 2021     https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2021.5275
  • Article Number: 95
  • Copyright: © Blyufer et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Riluzole, a glutamate release inhibitor, has been in use for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis for over two decades since its approval by the Food and Drug Administration. Recently, riluzole has been evaluated in cancer cells and indicated to block cell proliferation and/or induce cell death. Riluzole has been proven effective as an anti‑neoplastic drug in cancers of various tissue origins, including the skin, breast, pancreas, colon, liver, bone, brain, lung and nasopharynx. While cancer cells expressing glutamate receptors frequently respond to riluzole treatment, numerous types of cancer cell lacking glutamate receptors unexpectedly responded to riluzole treatment as well. Riluzole was demonstrated to interfere with glutamate secretion, growth signaling pathways, Ca2+ homeostasis, glutathione synthesis, reactive oxygen species generation and integrity of DNA, as well as autophagic and apoptotic pathways. Of note, riluzole is highly effective in inducing cell death in cisplatin‑resistant lung cancer cells. Furthermore, riluzole pretreatment sensitizes glioma and melanoma to radiation therapy. In addition, in triple‑negative breast cancer, colorectal cancer, melanoma and glioblastoma, riluzole has synergistic effects in combination with select drugs. In an effort to highlight the therapeutic potential of riluzole, the current study reviewed the effect and outcome of riluzole treatment on numerous cancer types investigated thus far. The mechanism of action and the various molecular pathways affected by riluzole are discussed.
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November-2021
Volume 59 Issue 5

Print ISSN: 1019-6439
Online ISSN:1791-2423

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Spandidos Publications style
Blyufer A, Lhamo S, Tam C, Tariq I, Thavornwatanayong T and Mahajan SS: Riluzole: A neuroprotective drug with potential as a novel anti‑cancer agent (Review). Int J Oncol 59: 95, 2021.
APA
Blyufer, A., Lhamo, S., Tam, C., Tariq, I., Thavornwatanayong, T., & Mahajan, S.S. (2021). Riluzole: A neuroprotective drug with potential as a novel anti‑cancer agent (Review). International Journal of Oncology, 59, 95. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2021.5275
MLA
Blyufer, A., Lhamo, S., Tam, C., Tariq, I., Thavornwatanayong, T., Mahajan, S. S."Riluzole: A neuroprotective drug with potential as a novel anti‑cancer agent (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 59.5 (2021): 95.
Chicago
Blyufer, A., Lhamo, S., Tam, C., Tariq, I., Thavornwatanayong, T., Mahajan, S. S."Riluzole: A neuroprotective drug with potential as a novel anti‑cancer agent (Review)". International Journal of Oncology 59, no. 5 (2021): 95. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2021.5275