Materials for ossicular chain reconstruction: History and evolution (Review)

Mocanu,Horia; Mocanu,Adela-Ioana; Dascălu,Ionela Teodora; Schipor,Mihai-Adrian; Rădulescu,Marian

doi:10.3892/mi.2023.73

Materials for ossicular chain reconstruction: History and evolution (Review)

Authors:
- Horia Mocanu
- Adela-Ioana Mocanu
- Ionela Teodora Dascălu
- Mihai-Adrian Schipor
- Marian Rădulescu
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Affiliations: Department of Otorhinolaryngology ‑ Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, ‘Titu Maiorescu’ University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Otorhinolaryngology ‑ Head and Neck Surgery, Polimed Medical Center, 040067 Bucharest, Romania, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania, Technical University of Munich, Institute of Astronomical and Physical Geodesy, 80333 Munich, Germany, Department of Otorhinolaryngology ‑ Head and Neck Surgery, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
Published online on: February 20, 2023 https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2023.73
Article Number: 13
Copyright: © Mocanu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The middle ear represents the anatomic space between the external auditory canal and the inner ear (Cochlea). It is comprised of the tympanic membrane, the ossicular chain [malleus (hammer), incus (anvil) and stapes (stirrup)] with the corresponding muscles and ligaments and the cavity of the middle ear. The main function of the middle ear is to convey vibratory energy (sound pressure) from the air to the cochlear fluids of the internal ear via the ossicular chain. Tympanoplasty represents a number of procedures used to re‑establish the continuity of sound transmission from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear. Ever since the beginning of otologic surgery, various materials have been tested for ossicular chain reconstruction (OCR). The present review aimed to present, in a chronological sequence, the evolution of knowledge regarding this field of medicine, and to also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different materials and designs of ossicular prostheses. The constant search for more efficient, easily tolerated and lighter materials has improved the acoustic rehabilitation process and has markedly reduced the rate of functional failure of these small prostheses.

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