Quality of care for type 2 diabetes in Jordan: A national study

Saadeh,Rami; Alsmadi,Haya; Batieha,Anwar; Khader,Yousef; Jaddou,Hashem; El‑Khateeb,Mohammed; Allouh,Mohammed Z.; Ajlouni,Kamel

doi:10.3892/mi.2023.87

Quality of care for type 2 diabetes in Jordan: A national study

Authors:
- Rami Saadeh
- Haya Alsmadi
- Anwar Batieha
- Yousef Khader
- Hashem Jaddou
- Mohammed El‑Khateeb
- Mohammed Z. Allouh
- Kamel Ajlouni
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan, Jerash Medical Center, Dental Department, Jerash Governorate, Jordan Ministry of Health, Amman 11118, Jordan, The National Center (Institute) for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Genetics (NCDEG), University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
Published online on: May 26, 2023 https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2023.87
Article Number: 27
Copyright : © Saadeh et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

The present study aimed to describe the quality of healthcare delivered to patients with type 2 diabetes in Jordan in 2017. Another objective was to identify the factors related to glycemic control and hospital admission due to type 2 diabetes. This was a national population‑based household study. Aspects of care quality were evaluated in relation to outcomes, such as glycemic control [hemoglobin A1c; glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level <7%] and hospital admission owing to diabetes. A total of 754 patients previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and aged ≥25 years were recruited. The number of annual visits was >10 for 48.5% and 1‑4 for 38.2% of patients. The proportion of patients achieving glycemic control was 33.0%. In total, 4 of 5 patients reported easy access to health facilities and good health team support. Foot and eye examinations were performed for 24.9 and 55.0% of the patients, respectively. Dietary advice was delivered to 87.5% of the patients. Glycemic control exhibited a significant inverse association with the duration of diabetes and the number of annual visits. Following a specific diet for managing diabetes and the cessation of medication after an improved well‑being were independently associated with a higher likelihood of glycemic control (HbA1c <7%). On the whole, the present study demonstrates that a number of indicators for the quality of diabetes care in Jordan were relatively satisfactory; however, others require improvement. The findings demonstrate that numerous patients with diabetes in Jordan require education about the treatment and management of, and complications associated with diabetes, especially those who are recently diagnosed.

View Figures

View References

1	Siddique MKB, Islam SMS, Banik PC and Rawal LB: Diabetes knowledge and utilization of healthcare services among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Dhaka, Bangladesh. BMC Health Serv Res. 17(586)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
2	TRIAD Study Group. Health systems, patients factors, and quality of care for diabetes: A synthesis of findings from the TRIAD study. Diabetes Care. 33:940–947. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
3	Gallagher H, Gebhard M, Nash W, Occhipinti N and Walker B: The Jordanian diabetes crisis. In: International economic development program 2008. Gerald R (ed). Ford School of Public Policy University of Michigan, 2008.
4	Ajlouni K, Batieha A, Jaddou H, Khader Y, Abdo N, El-Khateeb M, Hyassat D and Al-Louzi D: Time trends in diabetes mellitus in Jordan between 1994 and 2017. Diabet Med. 36:1176–1182. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
5	Alfadda A and Abdulrahman KA: Assessment of care for type 2 diabetic patients at the primary care clinics of a referral hospital. J Family Community Med. 13:13–18. 2006.PubMed/NCBI
6	Al-Sahouri A, Merrell J and Snelgrove S: Attitudes, knowledge, and perceptions of patients regarding type-2 diabetes in Jordan. J Diabetes Mellitus. 9:1–13. 2019.
7	American Heart Association (AHA): Body Mass Index (BMI) In Adults. https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-eating/losing-weight/bmi-in-adults#:~:text=BMI%20stands%20for%20Body%20Mass%20Index&text=A%20BMI%20between%2018.5%20and,kg%2Fm%C2%B2%20is%20considered%20overweight. Accessed May 20, 2023.
8	U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. 2nd edition. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, 2018.
9	Zhang X, Bullard KM, Gregg EW, Beckles GL, Williams DE, Barker LE, Albright AL and Imperatore G: Access to health care and control of ABCs of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 35:1566–1571. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
10	American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care for patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 26 (Suppl 1):S33–S50. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
11	Yan JW, Gushulak KM, Columbus MP, van Aarsen K, Hamelin AL, Wells GA and Stiell IG: Risk factors for recurrent emergency department visits for hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus. Int J Emerg Med. 10(23)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
12	Al OM: Diabetes care and control: The effect of frequent visits to diabetes care center. Ann Saudi Med. 34:229–234. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
13	Zgibor JC, Gieraltowski LB, Talbott EO, Fabio A, Sharma RK and Hassan K: The association between driving distance and glycemic control in rural areas. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 5:494–500. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
14	Stone MA, Charpentier G, Doggen K, Kuss O, Lindblad U, Kellner C, Nolan J, Pazderska A, Rutten G, Trento M and Khunti K: Quality of care of people with type 2 diabetes in eight European countries: Findings from the guideline Adherence to enhance care (GUIDANCE) study. Diabetes Care. 36:2628–2638. 2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
15	Carls G, Huynh J, Tuttle E, Yee J and Edelman SV: Achievement of glycated hemoglobin goals in the US remains unchanged through 2014. Diabetes Ther. 8:863–873. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
16	Simão C, Costa MB, Colugnati FAB, de Paula EA, Vanelli CP and de Paula RB: Quality of care of patients with diabetes in primary health services in southeast brazil. J Environ Public Health. 2017(1709807)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
17	Afroz A, Ali L, Karim MN, Alramadan MJ, Alam K, Magliano DJ and Billah B: Glycaemic control for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in bangladesh-An urgent need for optimization of management plan. Sci Rep. 9(10248)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
18	Al Mazroui NR, Kamal MM, Ghabash NM, Yacout TA, Kole PL and McElnay JC: Influence of pharmaceutical care on health outcomes in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 67:547–557. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
19	Jarab AS, Alqudah SG, Mukattash TL, Shattat G and Al-Qirim T: Randomized controlled trial of clinical pharmacy management of patients with type 2 diabetes in an outpatient diabetes clinic in Jordan. J Manag Care Pharm. 18:516–526. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
20	Sanz C, Gautier JF and Hanaire H: Physical exercise for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 36:346–351. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
21	Umpierre D, Ribeiro PA, Kramer CK, Leitão CB, Zucatti AT, Azevedo MJ, Gross JL, Ribeiro JP and Schaan BD: Physical activity advice only or structured exercise training and association with HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 305:1790–1799. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
22	Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, Riddell MC, Dunstan DW, Dempsey PC, Horton ES, Castorino K and Tate DF: Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: A position statement of the american diabetes association. Diabetes Care. 39:2065–2079. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
23	Adham M, Froelicher ES, Batieha A and Ajlouni K: Glycaemic control and its associated factors in type 2 diabetic patients in Amman, Jordan. East Mediterr Health J. 16:732–739. 2010.PubMed/NCBI
24	Al Omari M, Khader Y, Dauod AS, Al-Akour N, Khassawneh AH, Al-Ashker E and Al-Shdifat A: Glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in primary care setting in Jordan. Prim Care Diabetes. 3:173–179. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
25	Khattab M, Khader YS, Al-Khawaldeh A and Ajlouni K: Factors associated with poor glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications. 24:84–89. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
26	Juarez DT, Sentell T, Tokumaru S, Goo R, Davis JW and Mau MM: Factors associated with poor glycemic control or wide glycemic variability among diabetes patients in Hawaii, 2006-2009. Prev Chronic Dis. 9(120065)2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
27	Lin LK, Sun Y, Heng BH, Chew DEK and Chong PN: Medication adherence and glycemic control among newly diagnosed diabetes patients. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 5(e000429)2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
28	Mosen D, Glauber H, Stoneburner AB and Feldstein AC: Assessing the association between medication adherence and glycemic control. Am J Pharm Benefits. 9:82–88. 2017.
29	Balkhi B, Alwhaibi M, Alqahtani N, Alhawassi T, Alshammari TM, Mahmoud M, Almetwazi M, Ata S and Kamal KM: Oral antidiabetic medication adherence and glycaemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional retrospective study in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. BMJ Open. 9(e029280)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar
30	Geetha A, Gopalakrishnan S and Umadevi R: Study on the impact of family history of diabetes among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in an urban area of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu. Int J Commun Med Public Health. 4(4151)2017.