Kaposi's sarcoma developed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Ye,Xu; Feng,Ying; Pang,Ying; Liu,Yanhui; Lin,Suxia

doi:10.3892/ol.2011.259

Kaposi's sarcoma developed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Authors:
- Xu Ye
- Ying Feng
- Ying Pang
- Yanhui Liu
- Suxia Lin
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Affiliations: Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, P.R. China, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
Published online on: February 28, 2011 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2011.259
Pages: 515-518

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Abstract

A 33-year-old Chinese male patient with severe aplastic anemia received matched sibling allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using antithymocyte globulin containing conditioning regimen after 4 months of unsuccessful treatment with cyclosporine A. Following transplantation, the patient was immunosuppressed demonstrated by intermittent infections, including a varicella 3 months after transplantation. Although DNA-STR results on day +30 confirmed complete donor engraftment, repeat DNA-STR analysis performed more than 3 months after transplantation showed a mosaic phenotype. Cyclosporine tapering commenced early, but the last DNA-STR result confirmed complete graft rejection. On day +198, the patient presented with fever, skin boil in the right temporal region, severe pancytopenia, intrabodominal lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. Within 1 month, superficial lymphadenopathy and right exophthalmos developed. Excisional lymph node biopsy pathology confirmed Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). The patient succumbed due to intracranial bleeding as a result of thrombocytopenia. This is the first study of KS that developed following stem cell transplantation for severe aplastic anemia. The precipitating factors underlying KS development in this case and its differentiation from post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders are analyzed.

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