Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are increased and correlated with type 2 immune responses, malnutrition, inflammation, and poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer

Gonda,Kenji; Shibata,Masahiko; Ohtake,Tohru; Matsumoto,Yoshiko; Tachibana,Kazunoshin; Abe,Noriko; Ohto,Hitoshi; Sakurai,Kenichi; Takenoshita,Seiichi

doi:10.3892/ol.2017.6305

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are increased and correlated with type 2 immune responses, malnutrition, inflammation, and poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer

Authors:
- Kenji Gonda
- Masahiko Shibata
- Tohru Ohtake
- Yoshiko Matsumoto
- Kazunoshin Tachibana
- Noriko Abe
- Hitoshi Ohto
- Kenichi Sakurai
- Seiichi Takenoshita
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Affiliations: Department of Surgery, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Nihonmatsu Hospital, Nihonmatsu, Fukushima 964‑8501, Japan, Department of Gastroenterological Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama 350‑1298, Japan, Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960‑1295, Japan, Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960‑1295, Japan, Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173‑8610, Japan
Published online on: June 2, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.6305
Pages: 1766-1774

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Abstract

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been identified in the majority of patients and experimental mice with tumors by their suppression of T cell activation. MDSCs have also been reported to be associated with chronic inflammation. In advanced cancer, the T helper (Th) cell balance tends to shift from Th1 to Th2 predominance, and immune function, including cell‑mediated immunity, is impaired by cytokines produced by Th2 cells. The present study examined the correlations between MDSC levels and inflammation, immune suppression, malnutrition, and poor prognosis in 155 patients with breast cancer. The levels of MDSCs in preoperative patients and in patients with recurrent breast cancer were significantly higher compared with postoperative patients, patients with recurrent breast cancer who received chemotherapy and healthy volunteers. The MDSC levels of preoperative patients were significantly positively correlated with interleukin (IL)‑6 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and C‑reactive protein, and were negatively correlated with the production of interferon‑γ and IL‑12, serum concentration of rapid turnover protein, and the stimulation index. These patients were divided into two groups based on the levels of MDSCs. In preoperative patients with MDSC levels >1.0% of total PBMCs, the overall survival of patients with stage IV disease was significantly shorter compared with other disease stages, and was also significantly shorter compared with patients with MDSC levels <1.0% of total PBMCs. Thus, the MDSC levels of preoperative patients may function as a good prognostic indicator, particularly in patients with advanced breast cancer.

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