Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2015. CA Cancer J Clin. 65:5–29. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Prostate cancer: Send away the PSA? Lancet. 380:3072012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Marugame T and Katanoda K: International comparisons of cumulative risk of breast and prostate cancer, from cancer incidence in five continents Vol. VIII. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 36:399–400. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Lee J, Demissie K, Lu SE and Rhoads GG: Cancer incidence among Korean-American immigrants in the United States and native Koreans in South Korea. Cancer Control. 14:78–85. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

Sottnik JL, Dai J, Zhang H, Campbell B and Keller ET: Tumor-induced pressure in the bone microenvironment causes osteocytes to promote the growth of prostate cancer bone metastases. Cancer Res. 75:2151–2158. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Fan L, Peng G, Sahgal N, Fazli L, Gleave M, Zhang Y, Hussain A and Qi J: Regulation of c-Myc expression by the histone demethylase JMJD1A is essential for prostate cancer cell growth and survival. Oncogene. 35:2441–2452. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Lee S, Luong R, Johnson DT, Cunha GR, Rivina L, Gonzalgo ML and Sun Z: Androgen signaling is a confounding factor for β-catenin-mediated prostate tumorigenesis. Oncogene. 35:702–714. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

de Bono JS, Oudard S, Ozguroglu M, Hansen S, Machiels JP, Kocak I, Gravis G, Bodrogi I, Mackenzie MJ, Shen L, et al: Prednisone plus cabazitaxel or mitoxantrone for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel treatment: A randomised open-label trial. Lancet. 376:1147–1154. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Fizazi K, Carducci M, Smith M, Damião R, Brown J, Karsh L, Milecki P, Shore N, Rader M, Wang H, et al: Denosumab versus zoledronic acid for treatment of bone metastases in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer: A randomised, double-blind study. Lancet. 377:813–822. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Laderach DJ, Gentilini LD, Giribaldi L, Delgado VC, Nugnes L, Croci DO, Al Nakouzi N, Sacca P, Casas G, Mazza O, et al: A unique galectin signature in human prostate cancer progression suggests galectin-1 as a key target for treatment of advanced disease. Cancer Res. 73:86–96. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Trewartha D and Carter K: Advances in prostate cancer treatment. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 12:823–824. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Violette PD, Agoritsas T, Alexander P, Riikonen J, Santti H, Agarwal A, Bhatnagar N, Dahm P, Montori V, Guyatt GH and Tikkinen KA: Decision aids for localized prostate cancer treatment choice: Systematic review and meta-analysis. CA Cancer J Clin. 65:239–251. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Locke JA, Guns ES, Lubik AA, Adomat HH, Hendy SC, Wood CA, Ettinger SL, Gleave ME and Nelson CC: Androgen levels increase by intratumoral de novo steroidogenesis during progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 68:6407–6415. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gundem G, Van Loo P, Kremeyer B, Alexandrov LB, Tubio JM, Papaemmanuil E, Brewer DS, Kallio HM, Högnäs G, Annala M, et al: The evolutionary history of lethal metastatic prostate cancer. Nature. 520:353–357. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Lee KC, Sud S, Meyer CR, Moffat BA, Chenevert TL, Rehemtulla A, Pienta KJ and Ross BD: An imaging biomarker of early treatment response in prostate cancer that has metastasized to the bone. Cancer Res. 67:3524–3528. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Stephan C, Cammann H, Meyer HA, Lein M and Jung K: PSA and new biomarkers within multivariate models to improve early detection of prostate cancer. Cancer Lett. 249:18–29. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Barbieri CE, Baca SC, Lawrence MS, Demichelis F, Blattner M, Theurillat JP, White TA, Stojanov P, Van Allen E, Stransky N, et al: Exome sequencing identifies recurrent SPOP, FOXA1 and MED12 mutations in prostate cancer. Nat Genet. 44:685–689. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Cristofanilli M, Budd GT, Ellis MJ, Stopeck A, Matera J, Miller MC, Reuben JM, Doyle GV, Allard WJ, Terstappen LW and Hayes DF: Circulating tumor cells, disease progression and survival in metastatic breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 351:781–791. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

de Bono JS, Scher HI, Montgomery RB, Parker C, Miller MC, Tissing H, Doyle GV, Terstappen LW, Pienta KJ and Raghavan D: Circulating tumor cells predict survival benefit from treatment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 14:6302–6309. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Scher HI, Jia X, de Bono JS, Fleisher M, Pienta KJ, Raghavan D and Heller G: Circulating tumour cells as prognostic markers in progressive, castration-resistant prostate cancer: a reanalysis of IMMC38 trial data. Lancet Oncol. 10:233–239. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Olmos D, Arkenau HT, Ang JE, Ledaki I, Attard G, Carden CP, Reid AH, A'Hern R, Fong PC, Oomen NB, et al: Circulating tumour cell (CTC) counts as intermediate end points in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC): A single-centre experience. Ann Oncol. 20:27–33. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Danila DC, Heller G, Gignac GA, Gonzalez-Espinoza R, Anand A, Tanaka E, Lilja H, Schwartz L, Larson S, Fleisher M and Scher HI: Circulating tumor cell number and prognosis in progressive castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 13:7053–7058. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Nagrath S, Sequist LV, Maheswaran S, Bell DW, Irimia D, Ulkus L, Smith MR, Kwak EL, Digumarthy S, Muzikansky A, et al: Isolation of rare circulating tumour cells in cancer patients by microchip technology. Nature. 450:1235–1239. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Chen JF, Ho H, Lichterman J, Lu YT, Zhang Y, Garcia MA, Chen SF, Liang AJ, Hodara E, Zhau HE, et al: Subclassification of prostate cancer circulating tumor cells by nuclear size reveals very small nuclear circulating tumor cells in patients with visceral metastases. Cancer. 121:3240–3251. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Dorff TB, Groshen S, Tsao-Wei DD, Xiong S, Gross ME, Vogelzang N, Quinn DI and Pinski JK: A Phase II trial of a combination herbal supplement for men with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 17:359–365. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Rossi E, Rugge M, Facchinetti A, Pizzi M, Nardo G, Barbieri V, Manicone M, De Faveri S, Scaini M Chiara, Basso U, et al: Retaining the long-survive capacity of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) followed by xeno-transplantation: Not only from metastatic cancer of the breast but also of prostate cancer patients. Oncoscience. 1:49–56. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Paris PL, Kobayashi Y, Zhao Q, Zeng W, Sridharan S, Fan T, Adler HL, Yera ER, Zarrabi MH, Zucker S, et al: Functional phenotyping and genotyping of circulating tumor cells from patients with castration resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Lett. 277:164–173. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Helzer KT, Barnes HE, Day L, Harvey J, Billings PR and Forsyth A: Circulating tumor cells are transcriptionally similar to the primary tumor in a murine prostate model. Cancer Res. 69:7860–7866. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Lohr JG, Adalsteinsson VA, Cibulskis K, Choudhury AD, Rosenberg M, Cruz-Gordillo P, Francis JM, Zhang CZ, Shalek AK, Satija R, et al: Whole-exome sequencing of circulating tumor cells provides a window into metastatic prostate cancer. Nat Biotechnol. 32:479–484. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Yu M, Bardia A, Aceto N, Bersani F, Madden MW, Donaldson MC, Desai R, Zhu H, Comaills V, Zheng Z, et al: Cancer therapy. Ex vivo culture of circulating breast tumor cells for individualized testing of drug susceptibility. Science. 345:216–220. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Ni X, Zhuo M, Su Z, Duan J, Gao Y, Wang Z, Zong C, Bai H, Chapman AR, Zhao J, et al: Reproducible copy number variation patterns among single circulating tumor cells of lung cancer patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 110:pp. 21083–21088. 2013; View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Steinert G, Schölch S, Niemietz T, Iwata N, García SA, Behrens B, Voigt A, Kloor M, Benner A, Bork U, et al: Immune escape and survival mechanisms in circulating tumor cells of colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. 74:1694–1704. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Anantharaman A and Friedlander TW: A stepping stone toward personalized oncology: Genomic analysis of circulating tumor cells to guide management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 68:946–948. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Steinestel J, Luedeke M, Arndt A, Schnoeller TJ, Lennerz JK, Wurm C, Maier C, Cronauer MV, Steinestel K and Schrader AJ: Detecting predictive androgen receptor modifications in circulating prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget. Apr 23–2015.(Epub ahead of print).

Liu SV, Tsao-Wei DD, Xiong S, Groshen S, Dorff TB, Quinn DI, Tai YC, Engel J, Hawes D, Schally AV and Pinski JK: Phase I, dose-escalation study of the targeted cytotoxic LHRH analog AEZS-108 in patients with castration- and taxane-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 20:6277–6283. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Lee RJ, Saylor PJ, Michaelson MD, Rothenberg SM, Smas ME, Miyamoto DT, Gurski CA, Xie W, Maheswaran S, Haber DA, et al: A dose-ranging study of cabozantinib in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases. Clin Cancer Res. 19:3088–3094. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Coumans FA, van Dalum G, Beck M and Terstappen LW: Filter characteristics influencing circulating tumor cell enrichment from whole blood. PLoS One. 8:e617702013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Allard WJ, Matera J, Miller MC, Repollet M, Connelly MC, Rao C, Tibbe AG, Uhr JW and Terstappen LW: Tumor cells circulate in the peripheral blood of all major carcinomas but not in healthy subjects or patients with nonmalignant diseases. Clin Cancer Res. 10:6897–6904. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gleghorn JP, Pratt ED, Denning D, Liu H, Bander NH, Tagawa ST, Nanus DM, Giannakakou PA and Kirby BJ: Capture of circulating tumor cells from whole blood of prostate cancer patients using geometrically enhanced differential immunocapture (GEDI) and a prostate-specific antibody. Lab Chip. 10:27–29. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Xu L, Mao X, Imrali A, Syed F, Mutsvangwa K, Berney D, Cathcart P, Hines J, Shamash J and Lu YJ: Optimization and evaluation of a novel size based circulating tumor cell isolation system. PLoS One. 10:e01380322015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Joshi P, Jacobs B, Derakhshan A, Moore LR, Elson P, Triozzi PL, Borden E and Zborowski M: Enrichment of circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) using negative selection from patients with metastatic melanoma. Oncotarget. 5:2450–2461. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Toss A, Mu Z, Fernandez S and Cristofanilli M: CTC enumeration and characterization: Moving toward personalized medicine. Ann Transl Med. 2:108. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

Qin X, Park S, Duffy SP, Matthews K, Ang RR, Todenhöfer T, Abdi H, Azad A, Bazov J, Chi KN, et al: Size and deformability based separation of circulating tumor cells from castrate resistant prostate cancer patients using resettable cell traps. Lab Chip. 15:2278–2286. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Sunyoung P, Ang RR, Duffy SP, Bazov J, Chi KN, Black PC and Ma H: Morphological differences between circulating tumor cells from prostate cancer patients and cultured prostate cancer cells. PLoS One. 9:e852642014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Rosenberg R, Gertler R, Friederichs J, Fuehrer K, Dahm M, Phelps R, Thorban S, Nekarda H and Siewert JR: Comparison of two density gradient centrifugation systems for the enrichment of disseminated tumor cells in blood. Cytometry. 49:150–158. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Woelfle U, Breit E, Zafrakas K, Otte M, Schubert F, Müller V, Izbicki JR, Löning T and Pantel K: Bi-specific immunomagnetic enrichment of micrometastatic tumour cell clusters from bone marrow of cancer patients. J Immunol Methods. 300:136–145. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Coumans FA, Doggen CJ, Attard G, de Bono JS and Terstappen LW: All circulating EpCAM+CK+CD45-objects predict overall survival in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Ann Oncol. 21:1851–1857. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Riethdorf S, Fritsche H, Müller V, Rau T, Schindlbeck C, Rack B, Janni W, Coith C, Beck K, Jänicke F, et al: Detection of circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood of patients with metastatic breast cancer: A validation study of the CellSearch system. Clin Cancer Res. 13:920–928. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Dotan E, Cohen SJ, Alpaugh KR and Meropol NJ: Circulating tumor cells: Evolving evidence and future challenges. Oncologist. 14:1070–1082. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Pavese JM and Bergan RC: Circulating tumor cells exhibit a biologically aggressive cancer phenotype accompanied by selective resistance to chemotherapy. Cancer Lett. 352:179–186. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Bitting RL, Boominathan R, Rao C, Kemeny G, Foulk B, Garcia-Blanco MA, Connelly M and Armstrong AJ: Development of a method to isolate circulating tumor cells using mesenchymal-based capture. Methods. 64:129–136. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Santana SM, Liu H, Bander NH, Gleghorn JP and Kirby BJ: Immunocapture of prostate cancer cells by use of anti-PSMA antibodies in microdevices. Biomed Microdevices. 14:401–407. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Witzig TE, Bossy B, Kimlinger T, Roche PC, Ingle JN, Grant C, Donohue J, Suman VJ, Harrington D, Torre-Bueno J and Bauer KD: Detection of circulating cytokeratin-positive cells in the blood of breast cancer patients using immunomagnetic enrichment and digital microscopy. Clin Cancer Res. 8:1085–1091. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

Lu YT, Zhao L, Shen Q, Garcia MA, Wu D, Hou S, Song M, Xu X, Ouyang WH, Ouyang WW, et al: NanoVelcro Chip for CTC enumeration in prostate cancer patients. Methods. 64:144–152. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Nellore BP Viraka, Kanchanapally R, Pramanik A, Sinha SS, Chavva SR, Hamme A II and Ray PC: Aptamer-conjugated graphene oxide membranes for highly efficient capture and accurate identification of multiple types of circulating tumor cells. Bioconjug Chem. 26:235–242. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Antfolk M, Magnusson C, Augustsson P, Lilja H and Laurell T: Acoustofluidic, label-free separation and simultaneous concentration of rare tumor cells from white blood cells. Anal Chem. 87:9322–9328. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Huang SB, Wu MH, Lin YH, Hsieh CH, Yang CL, Lin HC, Tseng CP and Lee GB: High-purity and label-free isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in a microfluidic platform by using optically-induced-dielectrophoretic (ODEP) force. Lab on A Chip. 13:1371–1383. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Ozkumur E, Shah AM, Ciciliano JC, Emmink BL, Miyamoto DT, Brachtel E, Yu M, Chen PI, Morgan B, Trautwein J, et al: Inertial focusing for tumor antigen-dependent and -independent sorting of rare circulating tumor cells. Sci Transl Med. 5:179ra472013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Autebert J, Coudert B, Champ J, Saias L, Guneri ET, Lebofsky R, Bidard FC, Pierga JY, Farace F, Descroix S, et al: High purity microfluidic sorting and analysis of circulating tumor cells: Towards routine mutation detection. Lab Chip. 15:2090–2101. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Antfolk M, Antfolk C, Lilja H, Laurell T and Augustsson P: A single inlet two-stage acoustophoresis chip enabling tumor cell enrichment from white blood cells. Lab Chip. 15:2102–2109. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Sarioglu AF, Aceto N, Kojic N, Donaldson MC, Zeinali M, Hamza B, Engstrom A, Zhu H, Sundaresan TK, Miyamoto DT, et al: A microfluidic device for label-free, physical capture of circulating tumor cell clusters. Nat Methods. 12:685–691. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Hou JM, Krebs M, Ward T, Morris K, Sloane R, Blackhall F and Dive C: Circulating tumor cells, enumeration and beyond. Cancers (Basel). 2:1236–1250. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Stott SL, Lee RJ, Nagrath S, Yu M, Miyamoto DT, Ulkus L, Inserra EJ, Ulman M, Springer S, Nakamura Z, et al: Isolation and characterization of circulating tumor cells from patients with localized and metastatic prostate cancer. Sci Transl Med. 2:25ra232010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kirby BJ, Jodari M, Loftus MS, Gakhar G, Pratt ED, Chanel-Vos C, Gleghorn JP, Santana SM, Liu H, Smith JP, et al: Functional characterization of circulating tumor cells with a prostate-cancer-specific microfluidic device. PLoS One. 7:e359762012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Friedlander TW, Ngo VT, Dong H, Premasekharan G, Weinberg V, Doty S, Zhao Q, Gilbert EG, Ryan CJ, Chen WT and Paris PL: Detection and characterization of invasive circulating tumor cells derived from men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Int J Cancer. 134:2284–2293. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Tseng JY, Yang CY, Liang SC, Liu RS, Jiang JK and Lin CH: Dynamic changes in numbers and properties of circulating tumor cells and their potential applications. Cancers (Basel). 6:2369–2386. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Myung JH, Gajjar KA, Chen J, Molokie RE and Hong S: Differential detection of tumor cells using a combination of cell rolling, multivalent binding, and multiple antibodies. Anal Chem. 86:6088–6094. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gerges N, Rak J and Jabado N: New technologies for the detection of circulating tumour cells. Br Med Bull. 94:49–64. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Helo P, Cronin AM, Danila DC, Wenske S, Gonzalez-Espinoza R, Anand A, Koscuiszka M, Väänänen RM, Pettersson K, Chun FK, et al: Circulating prostate tumor cells detected by reverse transcription-PCR in men with localized or castration-refractory prostate cancer: Concordance with CellSearch assay and association with bone metastases and with survival. Clin Chem. 55:765–773. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gervasoni A, Muñoz RM Monasterio, Wengler GS, Rizzi A, Zaniboni A and Parolini O: Molecular signature detection of circulating tumor cells using a panel of selected genes. Cancer Lett. 263:267–279. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Stott SL, Hsu CH, Tsukrov DI, Yu M, Miyamoto DT, Waltman BA, Rothenberg SM, Shah AM, Smas ME, Korir GK, et al: Isolation of circulating tumor cells using a microvortex-generating herringbone-chip. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107:pp. 18392–18397. 2010; View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Yates DR, Rouprêt M, Drouin SJ, Comperat E, Ricci S, Lacave R, Sèbe P, Cancel-Tassin G, Bitker MO and Cussenot O: Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of PSA and prostate-specific membrane antigen mRNA to detect circulating tumor cells improves recurrence-free survival nomogram prediction after radical prostatectomy. Prostate. 72:1382–1388. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Mohamadi RM, Ivanov I, Stojcic J, Nam RK, Sargent EH and Kelley SO: Sample-to-answer isolation and mRNA profiling of circulating tumor cells. Anal Chem. 87:6258–6264. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Jiang Y, Palma JF, Agus DB, Wang Y and Gross ME: Detection of androgen receptor mutations in circulating tumor cells in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Chem. 56:1492–1495. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Dijkstra S, Leyten GH, Jannink SA, de Jong H, Mulders PF, van Oort IM and Schalken JA: KLK3, PCA3 and TMPRSS2-ERG expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell fraction from castration-resistant prostate cancer patients and response to docetaxel treatment. Prostate. 74:1222–1230. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Antonarakis ES, Lu C, Wang H, Luber B, Nakazawa M, Roeser JC, Chen Y, Mohammad TA, Chen Y, Fedor HL, et al: AR-V7 and resistance to enzalutamide and abiraterone in prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 371:1028–1038. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Panteleakou Z, Lembessis P, Sourla A, Pissimissis N, Polyzos A, Deliveliotis C and Koutsilieris M: Detection of circulating tumor cells in prostate cancer patients: Methodological pitfalls and clinical relevance. Mol Med. 15:101–114. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Sioss JA, Bhiladvala RB, Pan W, Li M, Patrick S, Xin P, Dean SL, Keating CD, Mayer TS and Clawson GA: Nanoresonator chip-based RNA sensor strategy for detection of circulating tumor cells: Response using PCA3 as a prostate cancer marker. Nanomedicine. 8:1017–1025. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Ivanov I, Stojcic J, Stanimirovic A, Sargent E, Nam RK and Kelley SO: Chip-based nanostructured sensors enable accurate identification and classification of circulating tumor cells in prostate cancer patient blood samples. Anal Chem. 85:398–403. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gu Y, Ju C, Li Y, Shang Z, Wu Y, Jia Y and Niu Y: Detection of circulating tumor cells in prostate cancer based on carboxylated graphene oxide modified light addressable potentiometric sensor. Biosens Bioelectron. 66:24–31. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kerr BA, Miocinovic R, Smith AK, West XZ, Watts KE, Alzayed AW, Klink JC, Mir MC, Sturey T, Hansel DE, et al: CD117+ cells in the circulation are predictive of advanced prostate cancer. Oncotarget. 6:1889–1897. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Wang H, Yang M, Xu J, Zou B, Zhou Q, Bian J and Wang X: Survivin mRNA-circulating tumor cells are associated with prostate cancer metastasis. Tumour Biol. 37:723–727. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Danila DC, Anand A, Schultz N, Heller G, Wan M, Sung CC, Dai C, Khanin R, Fleisher M, Lilja H and Scher HI: Analytic and clinical validation of a prostate cancer-enhanced messenger RNA detection assay in whole blood as a prognostic biomarker for survival. Eur Urol. 65:1191–1197. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Moreno JG, Miller MC, Gross S, Allard WJ, Gomella LG and Terstappen LW: Circulating tumor cells predict survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Urology. 65:713–718. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Scher HI, Jia X, de Bono JS, Fleisher M, Pienta KJ, Raghavan D and Heller G: Circulating tumour cells as prognostic markers in progressive, castration-resistant prostate cancer: A reanalysis of IMMC38 trial data. Lancet Oncol. 10:233–239. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Thalgott M, Heck MM, Eiber M, Souvatzoglou M, Hatzichristodoulou G, Kehl V, Krause BJ, Rack B, Retz M, Gschwend JE, et al: Circulating tumor cells versus objective response assessment predicting survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with docetaxel chemotherapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 141:1457–1464. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Marín-Aguilera M, Reig Ò, Lozano JJ, Jiménez N, García-Recio S, Erill N, Gaba L, Tagliapietra A, Ortega V, Carrera G, et al: Molecular profiling of peripheral blood is associated with circulating tumor cells content and poor survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Oncotarget. 6:10604–10616. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Goldkorn A, Ely B, Tangen CM, Tai YC, Xu T, Li H, Twardowski P, Veldhuizen PJ, Agarwal N, Carducci MA, et al: Circulating tumor cell telomerase activity as a prognostic marker for overall survival in SWOG 0421: A phase III metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer trial. Int J Cancer. 136:1856–1862. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Thalgott M, Rack B, Maurer T, Souvatzoglou M, Eiber M, Kreß V, Heck MM, Andergassen U, Nawroth R, Gschwend JE and Retz M: Detection of circulating tumor cells in different stages of prostate cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 139:755–763. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Loh J, Jovanovic L, Lehman M, Capp A, Pryor D, Harris M, Nelson C and Martin J: Circulating tumor cell detection in high-risk non-metastatic prostate cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 140:2157–2162. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Davis JW, Nakanishi H, Kumar VS, Bhadkamkar VA, McCormack R, Fritsche HA, Handy B, Gornet T and Babaian RJ: Circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood samples from patients with increased serum prostate specific antigen: Initial results in early prostate cancer. J Urol. 179:2187–2191. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kolostova K, Broul M, Schraml J, Cegan M, Matkowski R, Fiutowski M and Bobek V: Circulating tumor cells in localized prostate cancer: Isolation, cultivation in vitro and relationship to T-stage and Gleason score. Anticancer Res. 34:3641–3646. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

Bitting RL, Healy P, Halabi S, George DJ, Goodin M and Armstrong AJ: Clinical phenotypes associated with circulating tumor cell enumeration in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Urol Oncol. 33:110.e1–9. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar

Schoenborn JR, Nelson P and Fang M: Genomic profiling defines subtypes of prostate cancer with the potential for therapeutic stratification. Clin Cancer Res. 19:4058–4066. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Chen CL, Mahalingam D, Osmulski P, Jadhav RR, Wang CM, Leach RJ, Chang TC, Weitman SD, Kumar AP, Sun L, et al: Single-cell analysis of circulating tumor cells identifies cumulative expression patterns of EMT-related genes in metastatic prostate cancer. Prostate. 73:813–826. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Osmulski P, Mahalingam D, Gaczynska ME, Liu J, Huang S, Horning AM, Wang CM, Thompson IM, Huang TH and Chen CL: Nanomechanical biomarkers of single circulating tumor cells for detection of castration resistant prostate cancer. Prostate. 74:1297–1307. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Boegemann M, Schrader AJ, Krabbe LM and Herrmann E: Present, emerging and possible future biomarkers in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 15:243–255. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Alexandrov LB, Nik-Zainal S, Wedge DC, Aparicio SA, Behjati S, Biankin AV, Bignell GR, Bolli N, Borg A, Børresen-Dale AL, et al: Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer. Nature. 500:415–421. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Stratton MR: Exploring the genomes of cancer cells: Progress and promise. Science. 331:1553–1558. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Pantel K, Brakenhoff RH and Brandt B: Detection, clinical relevance and specific biological properties of disseminating tumour cells. Nat Rev Cancer. 8:329–340. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Alix-Panabières C, Schwarzenbach H and Pantel K: Circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA. Annu Rev Med. 63:199–215. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Wang J, McGuire TR, Britton HC, Schwarz JK, Loberiza FR Jr, Meza JL and Talmadge JE: Lenalidomide and cyclophosphamide immunoregulation in patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis. 32:111–124. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Wilbaux M, Tod M, De Bono J, Lorente D, Mateo J, Freyer G, You B and Hénin E: A joint model for the kinetics of CTC count and PSA concentration during treatment in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 4:277–285. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Danila DC, Anand A, Sung CC, Heller G, Leversha MA, Cao L, Lilja H, Molina A, Sawyers CL, Fleisher M and Scher HI: TMPRSS2-ERG status in circulating tumor cells as a predictive biomarker of sensitivity in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with abiraterone acetate. Eur Urol. 60:897–904. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Smith MR, Sweeney CJ, Corn PG, Rathkopf DE, Smith DC, Hussain M, George DJ, Higano CS, Harzstark AL, Sartor AO, et al: Cabozantinib in chemotherapy-pretreated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Results of a phase II nonrandomized expansion study. J Clin Oncol. 32:3391–3399. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Dago AE, Stepansky A, Carlsson A, Luttgen M, Kendall J, Baslan T, Kolatkar A, Wigler M, Bethel K, Gross ME, et al: Rapid phenotypic and genomic change in response to therapeutic pressure in prostate cancer inferred by high content analysis of single circulating tumor cells. PLoS One. 9:e1017772014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Reyes EE, VanderWeele DJ, Isikbay M, Duggan R, Campanile A, Stadler WM, Griend DJ Vander and Szmulewitz RZ: Quantitative characterization of androgen receptor protein expression and cellular localization in circulating tumor cells from patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Transl Med. 12:3132014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Antonarakis ES, Lu C, Luber B, Wang H, Chen Y, Nakazawa M, Nadal R, Paller CJ, Denmeade SR, Carducci MA, et al: Androgen receptor splice variant 7 and efficacy of taxane chemotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. JAMA Oncol. 1:582–591. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Onstenk W, Sieuwerts AM, Kraan J, Van M, Nieuweboer AJ, Mathijssen RH, Hamberg P, Meulenbeld HJ, De Laere B, Dirix LY, et al: Efficacy of cabazitaxel in castration-resistant prostate cancer is independent of the presence of AR-V7 in circulating tumor cells. Eur Urol. 68:939–945. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Bichsel CA, Gobaa S, Kobel S, Secondini C, Thalmann GN, Cecchini MG and Lutolf MP: Diagnostic microchip to assay 3D colony-growth potential of captured circulating tumor cells. Lab Chip. 12:2313–2316. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Gao D, Vela I, Sboner A, Iaquinta PJ, Karthaus WR, Gopalan A, Dowling C, Wanjala JN, Undvall EA, Arora VK, et al: Organoid cultures derived from patients with advanced prostate cancer. Cell. 159:176–187. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Miyamoto DT, Zheng Y, Wittner BS, Lee RJ, Zhu H, Broderick KT, Desai R, Fox DB, Brannigan BW, Trautwein J, et al: RNA-Seq of single prostate CTCs implicates noncanonical Wnt signaling in antiandrogen resistance. Science. 349:1351–1356. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Mitchell MJ, Wayne E, Rana K, Schaffer CB and King MR: TRAIL-coated leukocytes that kill cancer cells in the circulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 111:pp. 930–935. 2014; View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Kim G and Gaitas A: Extracorporeal photo-immunotherapy for circulating tumor cells. PLoS One. 10:e01272192015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Prostate cancer: Send away the PSA? Cancer Discov. 5:570–571. 2015.