Grape seed proanthocyanidins induce mitochondrial pathway‑mediated apoptosis in human colorectal carcinoma cells

Zhang,Chen; Chen,Weili; Zhang,Xuhao; Zheng,Yanbing; Yu,Fengli; Liu,Yulong; Wang,Yi

doi:10.3892/ol.2017.6992

Grape seed proanthocyanidins induce mitochondrial pathway‑mediated apoptosis in human colorectal carcinoma cells

Authors:
- Chen Zhang
- Weili Chen
- Xuhao Zhang
- Yanbing Zheng
- Fengli Yu
- Yulong Liu
- Yi Wang
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Affiliations: Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Heihe University, Heihe, Heilongjiang 164300, P.R. China, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130031, P.R. China, State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
Published online on: September 18, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2017.6992
Pages: 5853-5860
Copyright: © Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) have been reported to possess a wide array of pharmacological and biochemical properties. Recently, GSPs have been reported to inhibit various types of colorectal cancer; however, the mechanism(s) involved remain unclear. The present study investigated the effects of GSPs on HCT‑116 human colorectal carcinoma cell line. Exposure of these cells to GSPs for 48 h resulted in a significant concentration‑dependent inhibition of cell viability. Further investigation indicated that GSPs induced apoptosis of these cells. Analyses of mRNA expression levels using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and protein expression levels by western blotting revealed that this was associated with increased expression levels of p53 tumor suppressor protein, cytochrome c, and pro‑apoptotic proteins, apoptosis regulator Bax (Bax) and Bcl‑2 homologous antagonist/killer. Furthermore, decreased expression levels of the anti‑apoptotic protein, B cell lymphoma‑2 and activation of caspase‑2, caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 were demonstrated. GSP‑induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was also detected by JC‑1 assay. These findings suggested that GSPs induced colon cancer cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial signaling pathway. This provided evidence indicating that GSPs may provide potential chemotherapeutic agents for colorectal cancer.

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