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Biology and pathogenesis of human osteosarcoma (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Judson Welber Veríssimo de Azevedo
    • Thales Allyrio Araújo de Medeiros Fernandes
    • José Veríssimo Fernandes
    • Jenner Chrystian Veríssimo de Azevedo
    • Daniel Carlos Ferreira Lanza
    • Christiane Medeiros Bezerra
    • Vânia Sousa Andrade
    • Josélio Maria Galvão de Araújo
    • José Veríssimo Fernandes

  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: December 18, 2019     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.11229
  • Pages: 1099-1116

  • Copyright: © de Azevedo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a bone tumor of mesenchymal origin, most frequently occurring during the rapid growth phase of long bones, and usually located in the epiphyseal growth plates of the femur or the tibia. Its most common feature is genome disorganization, aneuploidy with chromosomal alterations, deregulation of tumor suppressor genes and of the cell cycle, and an absence of DNA repair. This suggests the involvement of surveillance failures, DNA repair or apoptosis control during osteogenesis, allowing the survival of cells which have undergone alterations during differentiation. Epigenetic events, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome remodeling and expression of non‑coding RNAs have been identified as possible risk factors for the tumor. It has been reported that p53 target genes or those genes that have their activity modulated by p53, in addition to other tumor suppressor genes, are silenced in OS‑derived cell lines by hypermethylation of their promoters. In osteogenesis, osteoblasts are formed from pluripotent mesenchymal cells, with potential for self‑renewal, proliferation and differentiation into various cell types. This involves complex signaling pathways and multiple factors. Any disturbance in this process can cause deregulation of the differentiation and proliferation of these cells, leading to the malignant phenotype. Therefore, the origin of OS seems to be multifactorial, involving the deregulation of differentiation of mesenchymal cells and tumor suppressor genes, activation of oncogenes, epigenetic events and the production of cytokines.
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February-2020
Volume 19 Issue 2

Print ISSN: 1792-1074
Online ISSN:1792-1082

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Spandidos Publications style
de Azevedo JW, Fernandes TA, Fernandes JV, de Azevedo JC, Lanza DC, Bezerra CM, Andrade VS, de Araújo JM and Fernandes JV: Biology and pathogenesis of human osteosarcoma (Review). Oncol Lett 19: 1099-1116, 2020.
APA
de Azevedo, J.W., Fernandes, T.A., Fernandes, J.V., de Azevedo, J.C., Lanza, D.C., Bezerra, C.M. ... Fernandes, J.V. (2020). Biology and pathogenesis of human osteosarcoma (Review). Oncology Letters, 19, 1099-1116. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.11229
MLA
de Azevedo, J. W., Fernandes, T. A., Fernandes, J. V., de Azevedo, J. C., Lanza, D. C., Bezerra, C. M., Andrade, V. S., de Araújo, J. M., Fernandes, J. V."Biology and pathogenesis of human osteosarcoma (Review)". Oncology Letters 19.2 (2020): 1099-1116.
Chicago
de Azevedo, J. W., Fernandes, T. A., Fernandes, J. V., de Azevedo, J. C., Lanza, D. C., Bezerra, C. M., Andrade, V. S., de Araújo, J. M., Fernandes, J. V."Biology and pathogenesis of human osteosarcoma (Review)". Oncology Letters 19, no. 2 (2020): 1099-1116. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2019.11229