
Analysis of circular RNA‑associated competing endogenous RNA network in breast cancer
- Authors:
- Xuekang Wang
- Yanhan Dong
- Qiong Wu
- Tong Lu
- Yuanyong Wang
- Wenchao Liu
- Chengyu Liu
- Wenhua Xu
-
Affiliations: Department of Inspection, Medical Faculty of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China, Center for Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China, Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Hiser Medical Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266034, P.R. China, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China, Clinical Laboratory Blood Transfusion Service, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China - Published online on: January 2, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.11247
- Pages: 1619-1634
-
Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
This article is mentioned in:
Abstract
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Siegel RL, Miller KD and Jemal A: Cancer statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin. 69:7–34. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Guo Y, Warren Andersen S, Shu XO, Michailidou K, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Garcia-Closas M, Milne RL, Schmidt MK, Chang-Claude J, et al: Genetically predicted body mass index and breast cancer risk: Mendelian randomization analyses of data from 145,000 women of european descent. PLoS Med. 13:e10021052016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chlebowski RT, Manson JE, Anderson GL, Cauley JA, Aragaki AK, Stefanick ML, Lane DS, Johnson KC, Wactawski-Wende J, Chen C, et al: Estrogen plus progestin and breast cancer incidence and mortality in the women's health initiative observational study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 105:526–535. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Lambertini M, Santoro L, Del Mastro L, Nguyen B, Livraghi L, Ugolini D, Peccatori FA and Azim HA Jr: Reproductive behaviors and risk of developing breast cancer according to tumor subtype: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Cancer Treat Rev. 49:65–76. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Rice MS, Eliassen AH, Hankinson SE, Lenart EB, Willett WC and Tamimi RM: Breast cancer research in the Nurses' health studies: Exposures across the life course. Am J Public Health. 106:1592–1598. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wu L, Shen Y, Peng X, Zhang S, Wang M, Xu G, Zheng X, Wang J and Lu C: Aberrant promoter methylation of cancer-related genes in human breast cancer. Oncol Lett. 12:5145–5155. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wang SM, Dowhan DH and Muscat G: Epigenetic Arginine Methylation in Breast Cancer: Emerging therapeutic strategies. J Mol Endocrinol. 62:R223–R237. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Sanger HL, Klotz G, Riesner D, Gross HJ and Kleinschmidt AK: Viroids are single-stranded covalently closed circular RNA molecules existing as highly base-paired rod-like structures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 73:3852–3856. 1976. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Memczak S, Jens M, Elefsinioti A, Torti F, Krueger J, Rybak A, Maier L, Mackowiak SD, Gregersen LH, Munschauer M, et al: Circular RNAs are a large class of animal RNAs with regulatory potency. Nature. 495:333–338. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Salzman J: Circular RNA expression: Its potential regulation and function. Trends Genet. 32:309–316. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Xu H, Guo S, Li W and Yu P: The circular RNA Cdr1as, via miR-7 and its targets, regulates insulin transcription and secretion in islet cells. Sci Rep. 5:124532015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Du WW, Yang W, Liu E, Yang Z, Dhaliwal P and Yang BB: Foxo3 circular RNA retards cell cycle progression via forming ternary complexes with p21 and CDK2. Nucleic Acids Res. 44:2846–2858. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Li Z, Huang C, Bao C, Chen L, Lin M, Wang X, Zhong G, Yu B, Hu W, Dai L, et al: Exon-intron circular RNAs regulate transcription in the nucleus. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 22:256–264. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Zhang M, Zhao K, Xu X, Yang Y, Yan S, Wei P, Liu H, Xu J, Xiao F, Zhou H, et al: A peptide encoded by circular form of LINC-PINT suppresses oncogenic transcriptional elongation in glioblastoma. Nat Commun. 9:44752018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Yang Y, Fan X, Mao M, Song X, Wu P, Zhang Y, Jin Y, Yang Y, Chen LL, Wang Y, et al: Extensive translation of circular RNAs driven by N6-methyladenosine. Cell Res. 27:626–641. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Shao Y, Li J, Lu R, Li T, Yang Y, Xiao B and Guo J: Global circular RNA expression profile of human gastric cancer and its clinical significance. Cancer Med. 6:1173–1180. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Salmena L, Poliseno L, Tay Y, Kats L and Pandolfi PP: A ceRNA hypothesis: The Rosetta Stone of a hidden RNA language? Cell. 146:353–358. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Thomas M, Lieberman J and Lal A: Desperately seeking microRNA targets. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 17:1169–1174. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Swain AC and Mallick B: miRNA-mediated ‘tug-of-war’ model reveals ceRNA propensity of genes in cancers. Mol Oncol. 12:855–868. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Peng L, Yuan XQ and Li GC: The emerging landscape of circular RNA ciRS-7 in cancer (Review). Oncol Rep. 33:2669–2674. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Zheng Q, Bao C, Guo W, Li S, Chen J, Chen B, Luo Y, Lyu D, Li Y, Shi G, et al: Circular RNA profiling reveals an abundant circHIPK3 that regulates cell growth by sponging multiple miRNAs. Nat Commun. 7:112152016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Presti M, Mazzon E, Basile MS, Petralia MC, Bramanti A, Colletti G, Bramanti P, Nicoletti F and Fagone P: Overexpression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and functionally-related genes, D-DT, CD74, CD44, CXCR2 and CXCR4, in glioblastoma. Oncol Lett. 16:2881–2886. 2018.PubMed/NCBI | |
Fagone P, Mazzon E, Mammana S, Di Marco R, Spinasanta F, Basile MS, Petralia MC, Bramanti P, Nicoletti F and Mangano K: Identification of CD4+ T cell biomarkers for predicting the response of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis to natalizumab treatment. Mol Med Rep. 20:678–684. 2019.PubMed/NCBI | |
Barrett T, Wilhite SE, Ledoux P, Evangelista C, Kim IF, Tomashevsky M, Marshall KA, Phillippy KH, Sherman PM, Holko M, et al: NCBI GEO: Archive for functional genomics data sets-update. Nucleic Acids Res. 41:D991–D995. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Xu JZ, Shao CC, Wang XJ, Zhao X, Chen JQ, Ouyang YX, Feng J, Zhang F, Huang WH, Ying Q, et al: circTADA2As suppress breast cancer progression and metastasis via targeting miR-203a-3p/SOCS3 axis. Cell Death Dis. 10:1752019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ritchie ME, Phipson B, Wu D, Hu Y, Law CW, Shi W and Smyth GK: limma powers differential expression analyses for RNA-sequencing and microarray studies. Nucleic Acids Res. 43:e472015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Xia S, Feng J, Chen K, Ma Y, Gong J, Cai F, Jin Y, Gao Y, Xia L, Chang H, et al: CSCD: A database for cancer-specific circular RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 46:D925–D929. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chou CH, Shrestha S, Yang CD, Chang NW, Lin YL, Liao KW, Huang WC, Sun TH, Tu SJ, Lee WH, et al: miRTarBase update 2018: A resource for experimentally validated microRNA-target interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 46:D296–D302. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Agarwal V, Bell GW, Nam JW and Bartel DP: Predicting effective microRNA target sites in mammalian mRNAs. Elife. 4:2015. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Wong N and Wang X: miRDB: An online resource for microRNA target prediction and functional annotations. Nucleic Acids Res. 43:D146–D152. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Su G, Morris JH, Demchak B and Bader GD: Biological network exploration with Cytoscape 3. Curr Protoc Bioinformatics. 47:8.13.1–24. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar | |
Ashburner M, Ball CA, Blake JA, Botstein D, Butler H, Cherry JM, Davis AP, Dolinski K, Dwight SS, Eppig JT, et al: Gene ontology: Tool for the unification of biology. The gene ontology consortium. Nat Genet. 25:25–29. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Kanehisa M, Goto S, Furumichi M, Tanabe M and Hirakawa M: KEGG for representation and analysis of molecular networks involving diseases and drugs. Nucleic Acids Res. 38:D355–D360. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Yu G, Wang LG, Han Y and He QY: clusterProfiler: An R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters. OMICS. 16:284–287. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Li M, Ding W, Tariq MA, Chang W, Zhang X, Xu W, Hou L, Wang Y and Wang J: A circular transcript of ncx1 gene mediates ischemic myocardial injury by targeting miR-133a-3p. Theranostics. 8:5855–5869. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ludwig NF, Sperb-Ludwig F, Velho RV and Schwartz IV: Next-generation sequencing corroborates a probable de novo GNPTG variation previously detected by Sanger sequencing. Mol Genet Metab Rep. 11:92–93. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Zhong Y, Du Y, Yang X, Mo Y, Fan C, Xiong F, Ren D, Ye X, Li C, Wang Y, et al: Circular RNAs function as ceRNAs to regulate and control human cancer progression. Mol Cancer. 17:792018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Hansen TB, Jensen TI, Clausen BH, Bramsen JB, Finsen B, Damgaard CK and Kjems J: Natural RNA circles function as efficient microRNA sponges. Nature. 495:384–388. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
He R, Liu P, Xie X, Zhou Y, Liao Q, Xiong W, Li X, Li G, Zeng Z and Tang H: circGFRA1 and GFRA1 act as ceRNAs in triple negative breast cancer by regulating miR-34a. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 36:1452017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chen B, Wei W, Huang X and Xie X, Kong Y, Dai D, Yang L, Wang J, Tang H and Xie X: circEPSTI1 as a prognostic marker and mediator of triple-negative breast cancer progression. Theranostics. 8:4003–4015. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Yang R, Xing L, Wang M, Chi H, Zhang L and Chen J: Comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed profiles of lncRNAs/mRNAs and miRNAs with associated ceRNA networks in triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Physiol Biochem. 50:473–488. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Ding L, Zhao Y, Dang S, Wang Y, Li X, Yu X, Li Z, Wei J, Liu M and Li G: Circular RNA circ-DONSON facilitates gastric cancer growth and invasion via NURF complex dependent activation of transcription factor SOX4. Mol Cancer. 18:452019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Nair AA, Niu N, Tang X, Thompson KJ, Wang L, Kocher JP, Subramanian S and Kalari KR: Circular RNAs and their associations with breast cancer subtypes. Oncotarget. 7:80967–80979. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Coscujuela Tarrero L, Ferrero G, Miano V, De Intinis C, Ricci L, Arigoni M, Riccardo F, Annaratone L, Castellano I, Calogero RA, et al: Luminal breast cancer-specific circular RNAs uncovered by a novel tool for data analysis. Oncotarget. 9:14580–14596. 2018.PubMed/NCBI | |
Zhang HD, Jiang LH, Hou JC, Zhou SY, Zhong SL, Zhu LP, Wang DD, Yang SJ, He YJ, Mao CF, et al: Circular RNA hsa_circ_0072995 promotes breast cancer cell migration and invasion through sponge for miR-30c-2-3p. Epigenomics. 10:1229–1242. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Du WW, Yang W, Chen Y, Wu ZK, Foster FS, Yang Z, Li X and Yang BB: Foxo3 circular RNA promotes cardiac senescence by modulating multiple factors associated with stress and senescence responses. Eur Heart J. 38:1402–1412. 2017.PubMed/NCBI | |
Wu Z, Huang W, Wang X, Wang T, Chen Y, Chen B, Liu R, Bai P and Xing J: Circular RNA CEP128 acts as a sponge of miR-145-5p in promoting the bladder cancer progression via regulating SOX11. Mol Med. 24:402018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wei H, Pan L, Tao D and Li R: Circular RNA circZFR contributes to papillary thyroid cancer cell proliferation and invasion by sponging miR-1261 and facilitating C8orf4 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 503:56–61. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wang L, Tong X, Zhou Z, Wang S, Lei Z, Zhang T, Liu Z, Zeng Y, Li C, Zhao J, et al: Circular RNA hsa_circ_0008305 (circPTK2) inhibits TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis by controlling TIF1γ in non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer. 17:1402018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Qu S, Liu Z, Yang X, Zhou J, Yu H, Zhang R and Li H: The emerging functions and roles of circular RNAs in cancer. Cancer Lett. 414:301–309. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Li S, Teng S, Xu J, Su G, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhang S, Wang H, Qin W, Lu ZJ, et al: Microarray is an efficient tool for circRNA profiling. Brief Bioinform. 20:1420–1433. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Lan X, Xu J, Chen C, Zheng C, Wang J, Cao J, Zhu X and Ge M: the landscape of circular RNA expression profiles in papillary thyroid carcinoma based on RNA sequencing. Cell Physiol Biochem. 47:1122–1132. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Petralia MC, Mazzon E, Fagone P, Russo A, Longo A, Avitabile T, Nicoletti F, Reibaldi M and Basile MS: Characterization of the pathophysiological role of CD47 in uveal melanoma. Molecules. 24(pii): E24502019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Basile MS, Mazzon E, Russo A, Mammana S, Longo A, Bonfiglio V, Fallico M, Caltabiano R, Fagone P, Nicoletti F, et al: Differential modulation and prognostic values of immune-escape genes in uveal melanoma. PLoS One. 14:e02102762019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Fagone P, Caltabiano R, Russo A, Lupo G, Anfuso CD, Basile MS, Longo A, Nicoletti F, De Pasquale R, Libra M and Reibaldi M: Identification of novel chemotherapeutic strategies for metastatic uveal melanoma. Sci Rep. 7:445642017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Fagone P, Mangano K, Mammana S, Pesce A, Pesce A, Caltabiano R, Giorlandino A, Portale TR, Cavalli E, Lombardo GA, et al: Identification of novel targets for the diagnosis and treatment of liver fibrosis. Int J Mol Med. 36:747–752. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Fagone P, Mazzon E, Cavalli E, Bramanti A, Petralia MC, Mangano K, Al-Abed Y, Bramati P and Nicoletti F: Contribution of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor superfamily of cytokines in the pathogenesis of preclinical and human multiple sclerosis: In silico and in vivo evidences. J Neuroimmunol. 322:46–56. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Fagone P, Nunnari G, Lazzara F, Longo A, Cambria D, Distefano G, Palumbo M, Nicoletti F, Malaguarnera L and Di Rosa M: Induction of OAS gene family in HIV monocyte infected patients with high and low viral load. Antiviral Res. 131:66–73. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Basile MS, Fagone P, Mangano K, Mammana S, Magro G, Salvatorelli L, Li Destri G, La Greca G, Nicoletti F, Puleo S and Pesce A: KCNMA1 expression is downregulated in colorectal cancer via epigenetic mechanisms. Cancers (Basel). 11(pii): E2452019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Yuan C, Zhou L, Zhang L, Yin K, Peng J, Sha R, Zhang S, Xu Y, Sheng X, Wang Y, et al: Identification and integrated analysis of key differentially expressed circular RNAs in ER-positive subtype breast cancer. Epigenomics. 11:297–321. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Baer M, Nilsen TW, Costigan C and Altman S: Structure and transcription of a human gene for H1 RNA, the RNA component of human RNase P. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:97–103. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Barlev NA, Emelyanov AV, Castagnino P, Zegerman P, Bannister AJ, Sepulveda MA, Robert F, Tora L, Kouzarides T, Birshtein BK and Berger SL: A novel human Ada2 homologue functions with Gcn5 or Brg1 to coactivate transcription. Mol Cell Biol. 23:6944–6957. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wu Y, Xie Z, Chen J, Chen J, Ni W, Ma Y, Huang K, Wang G, Wang J, Ma J, et al: Circular RNA circTADA2A promotes osteosarcoma progression and metastasis by sponging miR-203a-3p and regulating CREB3 expression. Mol Cancer. 18:732019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Bammert L, Jonas S, Ungricht R and Kutay U: Human AATF/Che-1 forms a nucleolar protein complex with NGDN and NOL10 required for 40S ribosomal subunit synthesis. Nucleic Acids Res. 44:9803–9820. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Zhao F, Han Y, Liu Z, Zhao Z, Li Z and Jia K: circFADS2 regulates lung cancer cells proliferation and invasion via acting as a sponge of miR-498. Biosci Rep. 38(pii): BSR201805702018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
He JH, Li YG, Han ZP, Zhou JB, Chen WM, Lv YB, He ML, Zuo JD and Zheng L: The CircRNA-ACAP2/Hsa-miR-21- 5p/Tiam1 regulatory feedback circuit affects the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer SW480 cells. Cell Physiol Biochem. 49:1539–1550. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Hsiao KY, Lin YC, Gupta SK, Chang N, Yen L, Sun HS and Tsai SJ: Noncoding effects of circular RNA CCDC66 promote colon cancer growth and metastasis. Cancer Res. 77:2339–2350. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Xue J, Liu Y, Luo F, Lu X, Xu H, Liu X, Lu L, Yang Q, Chen C, Fan W and Liu Q: Circ100284, via miR-217 regulation of EZH2, is involved in the arsenite-accelerated cell cycle of human keratinocytes in carcinogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 1863:753–763. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Chen LL: The biogenesis and emerging roles of circular RNAs. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 17:205–211. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Huang S, Li X, Zheng H, Si X, Li B, Wei G, Li C, Chen Y, Chen Y, Liao W, et al: Loss of super-enhancer-regulated CircRNA Nfix induces cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction in adult mice. Circulation. 139:2857–2876. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Zhao J, Zou H, Han C, Ma J, Zhao J and Tang J: Circlular RNA BARD1 (Hsa_circ_0001098) overexpression in breast cancer cells with TCDD treatment could promote cell apoptosis via miR-3942/BARD1 axis. Cell Cycle. 17:2731–2744. 2018. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Vivanco I and Sawyers CL: The phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase AKT pathway in human cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2:489–501. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Mehrian-Shai R, Chen CD, Shi T, Horvath S, Nelson SF, Reichardt JK and Sawyers CL: Insulin growth factor-binding protein 2 is a candidate biomarker for PTEN status and PI3K/Akt pathway activation in glioblastoma and prostate cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 104:5563–5568. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Zhen N, Gu S, Ma J, Zhu J, Yin M, Xu M, Wang J, Huang N, Cui Z, Bian Z, et al: CircHMGCS1 promotes hepatoblastoma cell proliferation by regulating the IGF signaling pathway and glutaminolysis. Theranostics. 9:900–919. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Wagner EF and Nebreda AR: Signal integration by JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in cancer development. Nat Rev Cancer. 9:537–549. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Xu L, Feng X, Hao X, Wang P, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Li L, Ren S, Zhang M and Xu M: CircSETD3 (Hsa_circ_0000567) acts as a sponge for microRNA-421 inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma growth. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 38:982019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
Nanta R, Shrivastava A, Sharma J, Shankar S and Srivastava RK: Inhibition of sonic hedgehog and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways cooperate in suppressing survival, self-renewal and tumorigenic potential of glioblastoma-initiating cells. Mol Cell Biochem. 454:11–23. 2019. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI |