Open Access

Pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis is induced by a proteoglycan extracted from Ganoderma lucidum

  • Authors:
    • Xiao Wu
    • Liping Jiang
    • Zeng Zhang
    • Yanming He
    • Yilong Teng
    • Jiaqi Li
    • Shilin Yuan
    • Yanna Pan
    • Haohui Liang
    • Hongjie Yang
    • Ping Zhou
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: November 12, 2020     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12295
  • Article Number: 34
  • Copyright: © Wu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )


Abstract

The Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganoderma lucidum, has been widely used for its immunity-related and anti‑cancer effects. Fudan‑Yueyang‑Ganoderma lucidum (FYGL) is a proteoglycan, extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, that has shown safe anti‑diabetic activity in vivo. The present study demonstrated that FYGL could selectively inhibit the viability of PANC‑1 and BxPC‑3 pancreatic cancer cells in a dose dependent manner, but not in Mia PaCa‑2 pancreatic cancer cells and HepG2 liver cancer cells. In addition, FYGL could inhibit migration and colony formation, and promote apoptosis in PANC‑1 cells, but not in Mia PaCa‑2 cells. Further investigation into the underlying mechanism revealed that FYGL could inhibit the expression level of the Bcl‑2 protein in PANC‑1 cells, but not in Mia PaCa‑2 cells, leading to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential and cell apoptosis. The increased ROS also promoted the formation of autophagosomes, along with an increase in the microtubule‑associated protein light chain 3 II/I ratio. However, FYGL halted autophagy by preventing the autophagosomes from entering the lysosomes. The inhibition of autophagy increased the accumulation of defective mitochondria, as well as the production of ROS. Taken together, the processes of ROS regulation and autophagy inhibition promoted apoptosis of PANC‑1 cells through the caspase‑3/cleaved caspase‑3 cascade. These results indicated that FYGL could be potentially used as an anti‑cancer agent in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
View Figures
View References

Related Articles

Journal Cover

January-2021
Volume 21 Issue 1

Print ISSN: 1792-1074
Online ISSN:1792-1082

Sign up for eToc alerts

Recommend to Library

Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wu X, Jiang L, Zhang Z, He Y, Teng Y, Li J, Yuan S, Pan Y, Liang H, Yang H, Yang H, et al: Pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis is induced by a proteoglycan extracted from <em>Ganoderma&nbsp;lucidum</em>. Oncol Lett 21: 34, 2021.
APA
Wu, X., Jiang, L., Zhang, Z., He, Y., Teng, Y., Li, J. ... Zhou, P. (2021). Pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis is induced by a proteoglycan extracted from <em>Ganoderma&nbsp;lucidum</em>. Oncology Letters, 21, 34. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12295
MLA
Wu, X., Jiang, L., Zhang, Z., He, Y., Teng, Y., Li, J., Yuan, S., Pan, Y., Liang, H., Yang, H., Zhou, P."Pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis is induced by a proteoglycan extracted from <em>Ganoderma&nbsp;lucidum</em>". Oncology Letters 21.1 (2021): 34.
Chicago
Wu, X., Jiang, L., Zhang, Z., He, Y., Teng, Y., Li, J., Yuan, S., Pan, Y., Liang, H., Yang, H., Zhou, P."Pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis is induced by a proteoglycan extracted from <em>Ganoderma&nbsp;lucidum</em>". Oncology Letters 21, no. 1 (2021): 34. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2020.12295