Open Access

Emerging therapies in thymic epithelial tumors (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Athina Dapergola
    • Georgia Gomatou
    • Ioannis Trontzas
    • Emmanouil Panagiotou
    • Evangelos Dimakakos
    • Nikolaos Syrigos
    • Elias Kotteas
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: January 16, 2023     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.13670
  • Article Number: 84
  • Copyright: © Dapergola et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), including thymomas and thymic carcinomas, are rare malignancies arising from the thymus gland. The optimal management requires a multidisciplinary approach. Standard first‑line systemic treatment involves cytotoxic chemotherapeutic regimens; however, alternative options for systemic treatment are required. Current research focuses on the unique profile of immune‑related pathogenic mechanisms of TETs, involving an overlap with certain autoimmune phenotypes, as well as on determining the landscape of oncogenic molecular alterations and the role of tumor angiogenesis. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current clinical investigation on immunotherapy and targeted agents in the management of TETs. Regarding immune checkpoint inhibitors, efficacy results are promising in certain subsets of patients; however, caution is required concerning their toxicity. Anti‑angiogenic agents, mainly potent small‑molecule inhibitors, have demonstrated antitumor activity in TETs, whereas other targeted agents, including KIT inhibitors and epigenetic agents, are associated with encouraging, yet still modest results for unselected populations, in the absence of predictive biomarkers. Future research should focus on identifying predictive biomarkers for patients with TETs, and should implement multicenter collaborations and appropriate clinical trials tailored for rare tumor types.
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February-2023
Volume 25 Issue 2

Print ISSN: 1792-1074
Online ISSN:1792-1082

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Spandidos Publications style
Dapergola A, Gomatou G, Trontzas I, Panagiotou E, Dimakakos E, Syrigos N and Kotteas E: Emerging therapies in thymic epithelial tumors (Review). Oncol Lett 25: 84, 2023.
APA
Dapergola, A., Gomatou, G., Trontzas, I., Panagiotou, E., Dimakakos, E., Syrigos, N., & Kotteas, E. (2023). Emerging therapies in thymic epithelial tumors (Review). Oncology Letters, 25, 84. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.13670
MLA
Dapergola, A., Gomatou, G., Trontzas, I., Panagiotou, E., Dimakakos, E., Syrigos, N., Kotteas, E."Emerging therapies in thymic epithelial tumors (Review)". Oncology Letters 25.2 (2023): 84.
Chicago
Dapergola, A., Gomatou, G., Trontzas, I., Panagiotou, E., Dimakakos, E., Syrigos, N., Kotteas, E."Emerging therapies in thymic epithelial tumors (Review)". Oncology Letters 25, no. 2 (2023): 84. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2023.13670