KRAS and BRAF mutations and MSI status in precursor lesions of colorectal cancer detected by colonoscopy

Yamane,L. S.; Scapulatempo-Neto,C.; Alvarenga,L.; Oliveira,C. Z.; Berardinelli,G. N.; Almodova,E.; Cunha,T. R.; Fava,G.; Colaiacovo,W.; Melani,A.; Fregnani,J. H.; Reis,R. M.; Guimarães,D. P.

doi:10.3892/or.2014.3338

KRAS and BRAF mutations and MSI status in precursor lesions of colorectal cancer detected by colonoscopy

Authors:
- L. S. Yamane
- C. Scapulatempo-Neto
- L. Alvarenga
- C. Z. Oliveira
- G. N. Berardinelli
- E. Almodova
- T. R. Cunha
- G. Fava
- W. Colaiacovo
- A. Melani
- J. H. Fregnani
- R. M. Reis
- D. P. Guimarães
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Affiliations: Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil, Department of Pathology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil, Department of Endoscopy, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil, Department of Digestive Surgery, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
Published online on: July 18, 2014 https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2014.3338
Pages: 1419-1426

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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide. Adenoma is the main precursor lesion and, recently, the serrated polyps were described as a group of colorectal lesions with malignant potential. The morphologic and biologic characterizations of serrated polyps remain limited. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of KRAS and BRAF mutations and microsatellite instability (MSI) in CRC precursor lesions, to evaluate the association between molecular, pathologic and morphologic alterations in precursor lesions and to compare with the alterations detected in CRC. A series of 342 precursor lesions were removed from 155 patients during colonoscopy. After morphologic classification, molecular analysis was performed in 103 precursor lesions, and their genetic profile compared with 47 sporadic CRCs. Adenomas were the main precursor lesions (70.2%). Among the serrated polyps, the main precursor lesion was hyperplastic polyps (HPs) (82.4%), followed by sessile serrated adenomas (12.7%) and traditional serrated adenomas (2.0%). KRAS mutations were detected in 13.6% of the precursor lesions, namely in adenomas and in HPs, but in no serrated adenoma. BRAF mutations were found in 9 (8.7%) precursor lesions, mainly associated with serrated polyps and absent in adenomas (P<0.001). High MSI (MSI-H) was absent in precursor lesions. In the 47 CCR cases, 46.8% exhibited KRAS mutation, 6.5% BRAF mutations and 10.6% MSI-H. This study confirms the role of KRAS and BRAF mutations in CRC carcinogenesis, a crucial step in implementing CRC screening strategies.

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