Icariside II overcomes BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma by inducing ROS production and inhibiting MITF

  • Authors:
    • Xiao Liu
    • Zheng Li
    • Ming Li
    • Jingxiu Chai
    • Shan He
    • Jinfeng Wu
    • Jinhua Xu
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: April 15, 2020     https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2020.7582
  • Pages: 360-370
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Abstract

Metastatic melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer. Although BRAF inhibitor treatment has achieved great success in melanoma, resistance develops within 12 months. Icariside II (IS), a natural compound extracted from Herba Epimedii, exerts anticancer properties. In the present study, we determined by MTT, flow cytometry and western blotting, respectively that IS potentiated the PLX4032‑induced downregulation of cell viability and increase in apoptosis and autophagy in BRAF inhibitor‑resistant melanoma. In addition, we also revealed by flow cytometry and western blotting, respectively, that IS combined with PLX4032 increased mitochondrial and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and subsequently promoted depolarization of mitochondria and release of apoptotic proteins. N‑acetyl cysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH), ROS scavengers, reversed the IS‑induced enhancement of the response to PLX4032. Microphthalmia‑associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosine‑protein kinase Met (c‑Met) are well‑known factors that contribute to BRAF inhibitor resistance. Furthermore, c‑Met is a direct transcriptional target of MITF in melanocytes and melanoma cells. It was also revealed that IS markedly inhibited MITF and c‑Met expression partially by increasing ROS production in BRAF inhibitor‑resistant melanoma cells.
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July-2020
Volume 44 Issue 1

Print ISSN: 1021-335X
Online ISSN:1791-2431

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Spandidos Publications style
Liu X, Li Z, Li M, Chai J, He S, Wu J and Xu J: Icariside II overcomes BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma by inducing ROS production and inhibiting MITF. Oncol Rep 44: 360-370, 2020.
APA
Liu, X., Li, Z., Li, M., Chai, J., He, S., Wu, J., & Xu, J. (2020). Icariside II overcomes BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma by inducing ROS production and inhibiting MITF. Oncology Reports, 44, 360-370. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2020.7582
MLA
Liu, X., Li, Z., Li, M., Chai, J., He, S., Wu, J., Xu, J."Icariside II overcomes BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma by inducing ROS production and inhibiting MITF". Oncology Reports 44.1 (2020): 360-370.
Chicago
Liu, X., Li, Z., Li, M., Chai, J., He, S., Wu, J., Xu, J."Icariside II overcomes BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma by inducing ROS production and inhibiting MITF". Oncology Reports 44, no. 1 (2020): 360-370. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2020.7582