Association of OAS1 gene polymorphism with the severity of COVID‑19 infection

Bader El Din,Noha G.; Moustafa,Rehab I.; Ghaleb,Enaya; El‑Shenawy,Reem; Agwa,Mona M.; Helmy,Naiera M.; El‑Shiekh,Mohamed; Yousif,Ahmed A.; Mahfouz,Mohammad Shaaban; Seif,Ahmed Salah; Abdelghaffar,Muhammad M.; Elsayed,Hassan

doi:10.3892/wasj.2024.287

Association of OAS1 gene polymorphism with the severity of COVID‑19 infection

Authors:
- Noha G. Bader El Din
- Rehab I. Moustafa
- Enaya Ghaleb
- Reem El‑Shenawy
- Mona M. Agwa
- Naiera M. Helmy
- Mohamed El‑Shiekh
- Ahmed A. Yousif
- Mohammad Shaaban Mahfouz
- Ahmed Salah Seif
- Muhammad M. Abdelghaffar
- Hassan Elsayed
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), Newgiza, Giza 12577, Egypt, Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt, Chest Department, Mataria Teaching Hospital, Cairo 11753, Egypt, Department of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital, Cairo 11562, Egypt, Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Shebin Elkom Teaching Hospital, Cairo 32511, Egypt, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes (GOTHI), Cairo 11819, Egypt
Published online on: October 9, 2024 https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2024.287
Article Number: 72
Copyright : © Bader El Din et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License [CC BY 4.0].

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Abstract

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic has underscored the critical need to investigate host genetic factors that may influence disease susceptibility and severity. Among these, the 2'‑5'‑oligoadenylate synthase 1 (OAS1) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs10774671 has been implicated in the antiviral response against coronaviruses and clinical outcomes. The aim of the present retrospective study was to investigate the association between the OAS1 gene polymorphism and the severity of COVID‑19. A total of 200 subjects were enrolled, including 75 healthy controls and 125 patients with COVID‑19. The OAS1 SNP rs10774671 was assessed using PCR‑RFLP analysis. The findings revealed an upward trend in the prevalence of the A allele among individuals, who developed a severe course of COVID‑19. Specifically, 17.8% of the patients with severe infection carried the GG genotype, 52.8% had the GA genotype and 30.4% carried the AA genotype (P=0.0001). Notably, the AA genotype was exclusively detected in patients with severe COVID‑19 infection (P<0.0001). Moreover, the frequency of the A allele was markedly higher than that of the G allele in patients with severe COVID‑19 infection (P=0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that individuals with the rs10774671 AA genotype had a 6.8‑fold greater likelihood of progressing to a more severe course of COVID‑19 (odds ratio, 6.86; 95% CI, 2.83‑16.63; P<0.0001). Thus, the OAS1 SNP rs10774671 holds promise as a potential genetic marker that could be valuable in predicting the progression and outcome of COVID‑19 infection.