Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating renal function, and hypothyroidism ranks among the most prevalent endocrine disorders worldwide. The present study aimed to investigate the association between thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and creatinine levels in patients with hypothyroidism. A descriptive cross‑sectional study design was applied, and a cohort of patients with hypothyroidism was recruited from medical centers. The age range of the participants was between 13 to 84 years. The patients were categorized into four groups based on their TSH values as follows: Group 1, patients with a TSH level >4.00 µIU/l; group 2, patients with a TSH level <0.46 µIU/l; group 3, patients with a TSH level ranging from 0.60 to 2.8 µIU/l; and group 4, patients with a TSH level ranging from 2.94 to 3.60 µIU/l. Among the 120 participants, consisting of 30 control subjects and 90 patients with hypothyroidism, 74 subjects not undergoing dialysis exhibited statistically significant differences in TSH and creatinine levels across the four hypothyroid groups (P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed positive correlations between TSH and creatinine levels in groups 1 (r=0.446, P=0.043), 3 (r=0.541, P=0.001) and 4 (r=0.748, P=0.005). Conversely, a negative correlation was observed between TSH and creatinine levels in group 2 (r=‑0.892, P=0.001). The control group displayed a weak negative correlation between TSH and creatinine (r=‑0.367, P=0.046). The TSH levels exhibited positive correlations with creatinine levels in all groups, with the exception of group 2, where a negative correlation was observed. These findings suggest a potential association between thyroid function and kidney dysfunction. This observation highlights a complex interaction between thyroid function and kidney health. The positive correlation between TSH and creatinine levels in the majority of the groups suggests that higher TSH levels are associated with higher creatinine levels, indicating potential thyroid dysfunction and impaired kidney function. However, the negative correlation in group 2 suggests a different or even opposite relationship in that specific group.

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