Dysregulated metabolic enzymes and metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells (Review)
- Authors:
- Annapoorna Sreedhar
- Yunfeng Zhao
-
Affiliations: Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neuroscience, LSU Health Sciences Center Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA - Published online on: November 21, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2017.1022
- Pages: 3-10
-
Copyright: © Sreedhar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
This article is mentioned in:
Abstract
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
Hanahan D and Weinberg RA: Hallmarks of cancer: The next generation. Cell. 144:646–674. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Dang CV: Links between metabolism and cancer. Genes Dev. 26:877–890. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Newmeyer DD and Ferguson-Miller S: Mitochondria: Releasing power for life and unleashing the machineries of death. Cell. 112:481–490. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Wang X: The expanding role of mitochondria in apoptosis. Genes Dev. 15:2922–2933. 2001.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Detmer SA and Chan DC: Functions and dysfunctions of mitochondrial dynamics. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 8:870–879. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
McBride HM, Neuspiel M and Wasiak S: Mitochondria: More than just a powerhouse. Curr Biol. 16:R551–R560. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Wallace DC: Mitochondria and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 12:685–698. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Weinberg SE and Chandel NS: Targeting mitochondria metabolism for cancer therapy. Nat Chem Biol. 11:9–15. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Wen S, Zhu D and Huang P: Targeting cancer cell mitochondria as a therapeutic approach. Future Med Chem. 5:53–67. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Wang F, Ogasawara MA and Huang P: Small mitochondria-targeting molecules as anti-cancer agents. Mol Aspects Med. 31:75–92. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Carew JS and Huang P: Mitochondrial defects in cancer. Mol Cancer. 1:92002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Warburg O: On the origin of cancer cells. Science. 123:309–314. 1956. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Vander Heiden MG, Cantley LC and Thompson CB: Understanding the Warburg effect: The metabolic requirements of cell proliferation. Science. 324:1029–1033. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
DeBerardinis RJ: Is cancer a disease of abnormal cellular metabolism? New angles on an old idea. Genet Med. 10:767–777. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Seyfried TN and Shelton LM: Cancer as a metabolic disease. Nutr Metab (Lond). 7:72010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Pelicano H, Martin DS, Xu RH and Huang P: Glycolysis inhibition for anticancer treatment. Oncogene. 25:4633–4646. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Niederacher D and Entian KD: Characterization of Hex2 protein, a negative regulatory element necessary for glucose repression in yeast. FEBS J. 200:311–319. 1991. | |
|
Herrero P, Galíndez J, Ruiz N, Martínez-Campa C and Moreno F: Transcriptional regulation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HXK1, HXK2 and GLK1 genes. Yeast. 11:137–144. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Rempel A, Mathupala SP, Griffin CA, Hawkins AL and Pedersen PL: Glucose catabolism in cancer cells: Amplification of the gene encoding type II hexokinase. Cancer Res. 56:2468–2471. 1996.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Bustamante E and Pedersen PL: High aerobic glycolysis of rat hepatoma cells in culture: Role of mitochondrial hexokinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 74:pp. 3735–3739. 1977; View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
El-Bacha T, de Freitas MS and Sola-Penna M: Cellular distribution of phosphofructokinase activity and implications to metabolic regulation in human breast cancer. Mol Genet Metab. 79:294–299. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Zancan P, Sola-Penna M, Furtado CM and Da Silva D: Differential expression of phosphofructokinase-1 isoforms correlates with the glycolytic efficiency of breast cancer cells. Mol Genet Metab. 100:372–378. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Clem BF, O'Neal J, Tapolsky G, Clem AL, Imbert-Fernandez Y, Kerr DA II, Klarer AC, Redman R, Miller DM, Trent JO, et al: Targeting 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFKFB3) as a therapeutic strategy against cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 12:1461–1470. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Atsumi T, Chesney J, Metz C, Leng L, Donnelly S, Makita Z, Mitchell R and Bucala R: High expression of inducible 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (iPFK-2; PFKFB3) in human cancers. Cancer Res. 62:5881–5887. 2002.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Moon JS, Jin WJ, Kwak JH, Kim HJ, Yun MJ, Kim JW, Park SW and Kim KS: Androgen stimulates glycolysis for de novo lipid synthesis by increasing the activities of hexokinase 2 and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 2 in prostate cancer cells. Biochem J. 433:225–233. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Okar DA, Manzano A, Navarro-Sabatè A, Riera L, Bartrons R and Lange AJ: PFK-2/FBPase-2: Maker and breaker of the essential biofactor fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. Trends Biochem Sci. 26:30–35. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Li C, Xiao Z, Chen Z, Zhang X, Li J, Wu X, Li X, Yi H, Li M, Zhu G, et al: Proteome analysis of human lung squamous carcinoma. Proteomics. 6:547–558. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Tokunaga K, Nakamura Y, Sakata K, Fujimori K, Ohkubo M, Sawada K and Sakiyama S: Enhanced expression of a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene in human lung cancers. Cancer Res. 47:5616–5619. 1987.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Schek N, Hall BL and Finn OJ: Increased glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene expression in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res. 48:6354–6359. 1988.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Epner DE, Partin AW, Schalken JA, Isaacs JT and Coffey DS: Association of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase expression with cell motility and metastatic potential of rat prostatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res. 53:1995–1997. 1993.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Krasnov GS, Dmitriev AA, Snezhkina AV and Kudryavtseva AV: Deregulation of glycolysis in cancer: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as a therapeutic target. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 17:681–693. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Feng C, Gao Y, Wang C, Yu X, Zhang W, Guan H, Shan Z and Teng W: Aberrant overexpression of pyruvate kinase M2 is associated with aggressive tumor features and the BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 98:E1524–E1533. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Azoitei N, Becher A, Steinestel K, Rouhi A, Diepold K, Genze F, Simmet T and Seufferlein T: PKM2 promotes tumor angiogenesis by regulating HIF-1α through NF-κB activation. Mol Cancer. 15:32016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Lu W, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Li S, Gao J, Wang XA, Mu J, Hu YP, Jiang L, Dong P, et al: Up-regulation of PKM2 promote malignancy and related to adverse prognostic risk factor in human gallbladder cancer. Sci Rep. 6:263512016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Wittwer JA, Robbins D, Wang F, Codarin S, Shen X, Kevil CG, Huang TT, Van Remmen H, Richardson A and Zhao Y: Enhancing mitochondrial respiration suppresses tumor promoter TPA-induced PKM2 expression and cell transformation in skin epidermal JB6 cells. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 4:1476–1484. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Le A, Cooper CR, Gouw AM, Dinavahi R, Maitra A, Deck LM, Royer RE, Vander Jagt DL, Semenza GL and Dang CV: Inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase A induces oxidative stress and inhibits tumor progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107:pp. 2037–2042. 2010; View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Linnane AW, Marzuki S, Ozawa T and Tanaka M: Mitochondrial DNA mutations as an important contributor to ageing and degenerative diseases. Lancet. 1:642–645. 1989. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Taylor RW and Turnbull DM: Mitochondrial DNA mutations in human disease. Nat Rev Genet. 6:389–402. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Fliss MS, Usadel H, Caballero OL, Wu L, Buta MR, Eleff SM, Jen J and Sidransky D: Facile detection of mitochondrial DNA mutations in tumors and bodily fluids. Science. 287:2017–2019. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Cardaci S and Ciriolo MR: TCA cycle defects and cancer: When metabolism tunes redox state. Int J Cell Biol. 2012:1618372012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Rustin P, Bourgeron T, Parfait B, Chretien D, Munnich A and Rötig A: Inborn errors of the Krebs cycle: A group of unusual mitochondrial diseases in human. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1361:185–197. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Singh KK, Desouki MM, Franklin RB and Costello LC: Mitochondrial aconitase and citrate metabolism in malignant and nonmalignant human prostate tissues. Mol Cancer. 5:142006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Parsons DW, Jones S, Zhang X, Lin JC, Leary RJ, Angenendt P, Mankoo P, Carter H, Siu IM, Gallia GL, et al: An integrated genomic analysis of human glioblastoma multiforme. Science. 321:1807–1812. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Yan H, Parsons DW, Jin G, McLendon R, Rasheed BA, Yuan W, Kos I, Batinic-Haberle I, Jones S, Riggins GJ, et al: IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in gliomas. N Engl J Med. 360:765–773. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Dang L, White DW, Gross S, Bennett BD, Bittinger MA, Driggers EM, Fantin VR, Jang HG, Jin S, Keenan MC, et al: Cancer-associated IDH1 mutations produce 2-hydroxyglutarate. Nature. 462:739–744. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Toro JR, Nickerson ML, Wei MH, Warren MB, Glenn GM, Turner ML, Stewart L, Duray P, Tourre O, Sharma N, et al: Mutations in the fumarate hydratase gene cause hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer in families in North America. Am J Hum Genet. 73:95–106. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Chen YB, Brannon AR, Toubaji A, Dudas ME, Won HH, Al-Ahmadie HA, Fine SW, Gopalan A, Frizzell N, Voss MH, et al: Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome-associated renal cancer: Recognition of the syndrome by pathologic features and the utility of detecting aberrant succination by immunohistochemistry. Am J Surg Pathol. 38:627–637. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Frezza C, Zheng L, Folger O, Rajagopalan KN, MacKenzie ED, Jerby L, Micaroni M, Chaneton B, Adam J, Hedley A, et al: Haem oxygenase is synthetically lethal with the tumour suppressor fumarate hydratase. Nature. 477:225–228. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Gaude E and Frezza C: Defects in mitochondrial metabolism and cancer. Cancer Metab. 2:102014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Neumann HP, Pawlu C, Pęczkowska M, Bausch B, McWhinney SR, Muresan M, Buchta M, Franke G, Klisch J, Bley TA, et al: European-American Paraganglioma Study Group: Distinct clinical features of paraganglioma syndromes associated with SDHB and SDHD gene mutations. JAMA. 292:943–951. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Pollard PJ, Wortham NC and Tomlinson IP: The TCA cycle and tumorigenesis: The examples of fumarate hydratase and succinate dehydrogenase. Ann Med. 35:632–639. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Pollard PJ, Brière JJ, Alam NA, Barwell J, Barclay E, Wortham NC, Hunt T, Mitchell M, Olpin S, Moat SJ, et al: Accumulation of Krebs cycle intermediates and over-expression of HIF1α in tumours which result from germline FH and SDH mutations. Hum Mol Genet. 14:2231–2239. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Habano W, Sugai T, Nakamura S, Uesugi N, Higuchi T, Terashima M and Horiuchi S: Reduced expression and loss of heterozygosity of the SDHD gene in colorectal and gastric cancer. Oncol Rep. 10:1375–1380. 2003.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Selak MA, Armour SM, MacKenzie ED, Boulahbel H, Watson DG, Mansfield KD, Pan Y, Simon MC, Thompson CB and Gottlieb E: Succinate links TCA cycle dysfunction to oncogenesis by inhibiting HIF-α prolyl hydroxylase. Cancer Cell. 7:77–85. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Patra KC and Hay N: The pentose phosphate pathway and cancer. Trends Biochem Sci. 39:347–354. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Deberardinis RJ, Sayed N, Ditsworth D and Thompson CB: Brick by brick: Metabolism and tumor cell growth. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 18:54–61. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Riganti C, Gazzano E, Polimeni M, Aldieri E and Ghigo D: The pentose phosphate pathway: An antioxidant defense and a crossroad in tumor cell fate. Free Radic Biol Med. 53:421–436. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Jiang P, Du W and Wu M: Regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway in cancer. Protein Cell. 5:592–602. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Cairns RA, Harris IS and Mak TW: Regulation of cancer cell metabolism. Nat Rev Cancer. 11:85–95. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Jonas SK, Benedetto C, Flatman A, Hammond RH, Micheletti L, Riley C, Riley PA, Spargo DJ, Zonca M and Slater TF: Increased activity of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in purified cell suspensions and single cells from the uterine cervix in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Br J Cancer. 66:185–191. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Lucarelli G, Galleggiante V, Rutigliano M, Sanguedolce F, Cagiano S, Bufo P, Lastilla G, Maiorano E, Ribatti D, Giglio A, et al: Metabolomic profile of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway identifies the central role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in clear cell-renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget. 6:13371–13386. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
D'Alessandro A, Amelio I, Berkers CR, Antonov A, Vousden KH, Melino G and Zolla L: Metabolic effect of TAp63α: Enhanced glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, resulting in increased antioxidant defense. Oncotarget. 5:7722–7733. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Sukhatme VP and Chan B: Glycolytic cancer cells lacking 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase metabolize glucose to induce senescence. FEBS Lett. 586:2389–2395. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Nishimura M and Uyeda K: Purification and characterization of a novel xylulose 5-phosphate-activated protein phosphatase catalyzing dephosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate,2-kinase:fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. J Biol Chem. 270:26341–26346. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Wise DR and Thompson CB: Glutamine addiction: A new therapeutic target in cancer. Trends Biochem Sci. 35:427–433. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
DeBerardinis RJ and Cheng T: Q's next: The diverse functions of glutamine in metabolism, cell biology and cancer. Oncogene. 29:313–324. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Dang CV: Glutaminolysis: Supplying carbon or nitrogen or both for cancer cells? Cell Cycle. 9:3884–3886. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Altman BJ, Stine ZE and Dang CV: From Krebs to clinic: Glutamine metabolism to cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 16:619–634. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Hensley CT, Wasti AT and DeBerardinis RJ: Glutamine and cancer: Cell biology, physiology, and clinical opportunities. J Clin Invest. 123:3678–3684. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Wise DR, DeBerardinis RJ, Mancuso A, Sayed N, Zhang XY, Pfeiffer HK, Nissim I, Daikhin E, Yudkoff M, McMahon SB, et al: Myc regulates a transcriptional program that stimulates mitochondrial glutaminolysis and leads to glutamine addiction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 105:pp. 18782–18787. 2008; View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Stepulak A, Luksch H, Gebhardt C, Uckermann O, Marzahn J, Sifringer M, Rzeski W, Staufner C, Brocke KS, Turski L, et al: Expression of glutamate receptor subunits in human cancers. Histochem Cell Biol. 132:435–445. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Durán RV, Oppliger W, Robitaille AM, Heiserich L, Skendaj R, Gottlieb E and Hall MN: Glutaminolysis activates Rag-mTORC1 signaling. Mol Cell. 47:349–358. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Jain M, Nilsson R, Sharma S, Madhusudhan N, Kitami T, Souza AL, Kafri R, Kirschner MW, Clish CB and Mootha VK: Metabolite profiling identifies a key role for glycine in rapid cancer cell proliferation. Science. 336:1040–1044. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Amelio I, Cutruzzolá F, Antonov A, Agostini M and Melino G: Serine and glycine metabolism in cancer. Trends Biochem Sci. 39:191–198. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Hasegawa S, Ichiyama T, Sonaka I, Ohsaki A, Okada S, Wakiguchi H, Kudo K, Kittaka S, Hara M and Furukawa S: Cysteine, histidine and glycine exhibit anti-inflammatory effects in human coronary arterial endothelial cells. Clin Exp Immunol. 167:269–274. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Alarcon-Aguilar FJ, Almanza-Perez J, Blancas G, Angeles S, Garcia-Macedo R, Roman R and Cruz M: Glycine regulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lean and monosodium glutamate-obese mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 599:152–158. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Cruz M, Maldonado-Bernal C, Mondragón-Gonzalez R, Sanchez-Barrera R, Wacher NH, Carvajal-Sandoval G and Kumate J: Glycine treatment decreases proinflammatory cytokines and increases interferon-γ in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Endocrinol Invest. 31:694–699. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Zhang WC, Shyh-Chang N, Yang H, Rai A, Umashankar S, Ma S, Soh BS, Sun LL, Tai BC, Nga ME, et al: Glycine decarboxylase activity drives non-small cell lung cancer tumor-initiating cells and tumorigenesis. Cell. 148:259–272. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Locasale JW: Serine, glycine and one-carbon units: Cancer metabolism in full circle. Nat Rev Cancer. 13:572–583. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Possemato R, Marks KM, Shaul YD, Pacold ME, Kim D, Birsoy K, Sethumadhavan S, Woo HK, Jang HG, Jha AK, et al: Functional genomics reveal that the serine synthesis pathway is essential in breast cancer. Nature. 476:346–350. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Locasale JW, Grassian AR, Melman T, Lyssiotis CA, Mattaini KR, Bass AJ, Heffron G, Metallo CM, Muranen T, Sharfi H, et al: Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase diverts glycolytic flux and contributes to oncogenesis. Nat Genet. 43:869–874. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Mattaini KR, Sullivan MR and Vander Heiden MG: The importance of serine metabolism in cancer. J Cell Biol. 214:249–257. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Baenke F, Peck B, Miess H and Schulze A: Hooked on fat: The role of lipid synthesis in cancer metabolism and tumour development. Dis Model Mech. 6:1353–1363. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Santos CR and Schulze A: Lipid metabolism in cancer. FEBS J. 279:2610–2623. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Currie E, Schulze A, Zechner R, Walther TC and Farese RV Jr: Cellular fatty acid metabolism and cancer. Cell Metab. 18:153–161. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Vance JE and Vance DE: Biochemistry of lipids, lipoproteins and membranes. Elsevier; Amsterdam: 2002, View Article : Google Scholar | |
|
Bauer DE, Hatzivassiliou G, Zhao F, Andreadis C and Thompson CB: ATP citrate lyase is an important component of cell growth and transformation. Oncogene. 24:6314–6322. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Qian X, Hu J, Zhao J and Chen H: ATP citrate lyase expression is associated with advanced stage and prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Med. 8:7855–7860. 2015.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Xin M, Qiao Z, Li J, Liu J, Song S, Zhao X, Miao P, Tang T, Wang L, Liu W, et al: miR-22 inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by targeting ATP citrate lyase: Evidence in osteosarcoma, prostate cancer, cervical cancer and lung cancer. Oncotarget. 7:44252–44265. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Lucenay KS, Doostan I, Karakas C, Bui T, Ding Z, Mills GB, Hunt KK and Keyomarsi K: Cyclin E associates with the lipogenic enzyme ATP-citrate lyase to enable malignant growth of breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 76:2406–2418. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Su YW, Lin YH, Pai MH, Lo AC, Lee YC, Fang IC, Lin J, Hsieh RK, Chang YF and Chen CL: Association between phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase expression and outcome in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. PLoS One. 9:e961832014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Wang MD, Wu H, Fu GB, Zhang HL, Zhou X, Tang L, Dong LW, Qin CJ, Huang S, Zhao LH, et al: Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase alpha promotion of glucose-mediated fatty acid synthesis enhances survival of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice and patients. Hepatology. 63:1272–1286. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Bauerschlag DO, Maass N, Leonhardt P, Verburg FA, Pecks U, Zeppernick F, Morgenroth A, Mottaghy FM, Tolba R, Meinhold-Heerlein I, et al: Fatty acid synthase overexpression: Target for therapy and reversal of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. J Transl Med. 13:1462015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Ogino S, Kawasaki T, Ogawa A, Kirkner GJ, Loda M and Fuchs CS: Fatty acid synthase overexpression in colorectal cancer is associated with microsatellite instability, independent of CpG island methylator phenotype. Hum Pathol. 38:842–849. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Gong J, Shen S, Yang Y, Qin S, Huang L, Zhang H, Chen L, Chen Y, Li S, She S, et al: Inhibition of FASN suppresses migration, invasion and growth in hepatoma carcinoma cells by deregulating the HIF-1α/IGFBP1 pathway. Int J Oncol. 50:883–892. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Carracedo A, Cantley LC and Pandolfi PP: Cancer metabolism: Fatty acid oxidation in the limelight. Nat Rev Cancer. 13:227–232. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Ito K and Suda T: Metabolic requirements for the maintenance of self-renewing stem cells. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 15:243–256. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Zaugg K, Yao Y, Reilly PT, Kannan K, Kiarash R, Mason J, Huang P, Sawyer SK, Fuerth B, Faubert B, et al: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C promotes cell survival and tumor growth under conditions of metabolic stress. Genes Dev. 25:1041–1051. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
McGarry JD and Brown NF: The mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyltransferase system. From concept to molecular analysis. Eur J Biochem. 244:1–14. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Coller HA: Is cancer a metabolic disease? Am J Pathol. 184:4–17. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Tan DJ, Bai RK and Wong LJ: Comprehensive scanning of somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations in breast cancer. Cancer Res. 62:972–976. 2002.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Liu VW, Shi HH, Cheung AN, Chiu PM, Leung TW, Nagley P, Wong LC and Ngan HY: High incidence of somatic mitochondrial DNA mutations in human ovarian carcinomas. Cancer Res. 61:5998–6001. 2001.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Richard SM, Bailliet G, Páez GL, Bianchi MS, Peltomäki P and Bianchi NO: Nuclear and mitochondrial genome instability in human breast cancer. Cancer Res. 60:4231–4237. 2000.PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Ishikawa K, Takenaga K, Akimoto M, Koshikawa N, Yamaguchi A, Imanishi H, Nakada K, Honma Y and Hayashi J: ROS-generating mitochondrial DNA mutations can regulate tumor cell metastasis. Science. 320:661–664. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Swalwell H, Kirby DM, Blakely EL, Mitchell A, Salemi R, Sugiana C, Compton AG, Tucker EJ, Ke BX, Lamont PJ, et al: Respiratory chain complex I deficiency caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations. Eur J Hum Genet. 19:769–775. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Kwong JQ, Henning MS, Starkov AA and Manfredi G: The mitochondrial respiratory chain is a modulator of apoptosis. J Cell Biol. 179:1163–1177. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Osellame LD, Blacker TS and Duchen MR: Cellular and molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial function. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 26:711–723. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Shen YH, Wang XL and Wilcken DE: Nitric oxide induces and inhibits apoptosis through different pathways. FEBS Lett. 433:125–131. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Seiler N and Raul F: Polyamines and apoptosis. J Cell Mol Med. 9:623–642. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Agostinelli E, Tempera G, Molinari A, Salvi M, Battaglia V, Toninello A and Arancia G: The physiological role of biogenic amines redox reactions in mitochondria. New perspectives in cancer therapy. Amino Acids. 33:175–187. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI | |
|
Grancara S, Ohkubo S, Artico M, Ciccariello M, Manente S, Bragadin M, Toninello A and Agostinelli E: Milestones and recent discoveries on cell death mediated by mitochondria and their interactions with biologically active amines. Amino Acids. 48:2313–2326. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI |
