Follow-up of multiple sclerosis patients treated with Endotherapia (GEMSP)

Geffard,Michel; Mangas,Arturo; Coveñas,Rafael

doi:10.3892/br.2017.857

Follow-up of multiple sclerosis patients treated with Endotherapia (GEMSP)

Authors:
- Michel Geffard
- Arturo Mangas
- Rafael Coveñas
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Institut pour le Développement de la Recherche en Pathologie Humaine et Thérapeutique, 33400 Talence, France, Gemacbio, Research Department, Lieu dit Berganton, 33127 Saint Jean d'Illac, France, Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
Published online on: February 9, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2017.857
Pages: 307-313

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Endotherapia (GEMSP) is a novel therapeutic approach for multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the efficiency of Endotherapia in the follow‑up of 193 patients with MS. The efficiency coefficient that was evaluated was the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, which is a functional scale of MS progression. The evaluated score of each patient during follow‑up visits was compared with the theoretical score of the disease progression without GEMSP. The evolution of the EDSS score was evaluated according to the inclusion score. The quantitative global study of the EDSS score highlighted a statistically significant difference between the final average scores of the treatment with GEMSP (M) and worldwide reference (R) groups. The improvement of the M group compared with the R group was 24.5%. According to the final EDSS scores, the study highlighted a difference in favor of the M group with 62.0% for scores ≤3, 7.8% for scores between 3 and 6 and 19.6% for scores ≥6. According to the qualitative evolution of the EDSS scores, the improvements in favor of group M were 49.3% for scores ≤3, 79.1% for scores between 3 and 6 and 19.5% for scores ≥6. The qualitative study of the EDSS score showed a statistically significant success percentage; the success percentages were between 59.1 and 90.0%. In a larger population of MS patients, the data confirm the beneficial effects of GEMSP that were previously reported in pre‑clinical and clinical studies. In addition, 78% of patients showed an improvement or deceleration of the disease.

View Figures

View References

1	Mangas A, Coveñas R, Bodet D, Duleu S and Geffard M: A new drug candidate (GEMSP) for multiple sclerosis. Curr Med Chem. 16:3203–3214. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2	Sawcer S, Hellenthal G, Pirinen M, Spencer CC, Patsopoulos NA, Moutsianas L, Dilthey A, Su Z, Freeman C, Hunt SE, et al: International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2: Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis. Nature. 476:214–219. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Kutzelnigg A, Lucchinetti CF, Stadelmann C, Brück W, Rauschka H, Bergmann M, Schmidbauer M, Parisi JE and Lassmann H: Cortical demyelination and diffuse white matter injury in multiple sclerosis. Brain. 128:2705–2712. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Villar LM, Sádaba MC, Roldán E, Masjuan J, González-Porqué P, Villarrubia N, Espiño M, García-Trujillo JA, Bootello A and Alvarez-Cermeño JC: Intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal IgM against myelin lipids predicts an aggressive disease course in MS. J Clin Invest. 115:187–194. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Mangas A, Coveñas R and Geffard M: New drug therapies for multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol. 23:287–292. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6	Geffard M, de Bisschop L, Duleu S, Pouns O, Ferran G, Bassede A, Hassaine N, Autran JL, Bodet D, Mangas A and Coveñas R: Endotherapia. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem. 9:197–211. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
7	Geffard M, Duleu S, Bessede A, Vigier V, Bodet D, Mangas A and Coveñas R: GEMSP: A new therapeutic approach to multiple sclerosis. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem. 12:173–181. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Shih IL, Van YT and Shen MH: Biomedical applications of chemically and microbiologically synthesized poly(glutamic acid) and poly(lysine). Mini Rev Med Chem. 4:179–188. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	Geffard M, de Bisschop L, Duleu S, Hassaine N, Mangas A and Coveñas R: Endotherapia: A new frontier in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and other chronic diseases. Discov Med. 10:443–451. 2010.PubMed/NCBI
10	Mangas A, Coveñas R, Bodet D, Dabadie MP, Glaize G and Geffard M: Evaluation of the effects of a new drug on brain leukocyte infiltration in an experimental model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Lett Drug Des Discov. 3:138–148. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar
11	Mangas A, Coveñas R, Bodet D, de León M, Duleu S and Geffard M: Evaluation of the effects of a new drug candidate (GEMSP) in a chronic EAE model. Int J Biol Sci. 4:150–160. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Villoslada P: Neuroprotective therapies for multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases Mult Scler Demyel Dis. 1:12016. View Article : Google Scholar
13	Mangas A, Coveñas R, Bodet D and Geffard M: Antisera and immunocytochemical techniquesBrain molecules: From vitamins to molecules for axonal guidance. Mangas A, Coveñas R and Geffard M: Transworld Research Network; Trivandrum: pp. 1–25. 2008
14	Mangas A, Vecino E, Rodríguez F David, Geffard M and Coveñas R: GEMSP exerts a myelin-protecting role in the rat optic nerve. Neurol Res. 35:903–911. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
15	Noseworthy JH, Lucchinetti C, Rodríguez M and Weinshenker BG: Multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 343:938–952. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	van Meeteren ME, Teunissen CE, Dijkstra CD and van Tol EA: Antioxidants and polyunsaturated fatty acids in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Clin Nutr. 59:1347–1361. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17	Agar J and Durham H: Relevance of oxidative injury in the pathogenesis of motor neuron diseases. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neuron Disord. 4:232–242. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18	Crouzin N, de Jesus Ferreira MC, Cohen-Solal C, Aimar RF, Vignes M and Guiramand J: Alpha-tocopherol-mediated long-lasting protection against oxidative damage involves an attenuation of calcium entry through TRP-like channels in cultured hippocampal neurons. Free Radic Biol Med. 42:1326–1337. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19	Blondeau N, Widmann C, Lazdunski M and Heurteaux C: Polyunsaturated fatty acids induce ischemic and epileptic tolerance. Neuroscience. 109:231–241. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20	Yoshida H, Yanai H, Namiki Y, Fukatsu-Sasaki K, Furutani N and Tada N: Neuroprotective effects of edaravone: A novel free radical scavenger in cerebrovascular injury. CNS Drug Rev. 12:9–20. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
21	Di Biase A and Salvati S: Exogenous lipids in myelination and myelination. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 13:19–29. 1997.PubMed/NCBI
22	Medina JM and Tabernero A: Astrocyte-synthesized oleic acid behaves as a neurotrophic factor for neurons. J Physiol Paris. 96:265–271. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23	Ebringer A, Hughes L, Rashid T and Wilson C: Acinetobacter immune responses in multiple sclerosis: Etiopathogenetic role and its possible use as a diagnostic marker. Arch Neurol. 62:33–36. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24	Hughes LE, Bonell S, Natt RS, Wilson C, Tiwana H, Ebringer A, Cunningham P, Chamoun V, Thompson EJ, Croker J, et al: Antibody responses to Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in multiple sclerosis: Prospects for diagnosis using the myelin-acinetobacter-neurofilament antibody index. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 8:1181–1188. 2001.PubMed/NCBI
25	Furrows SJ, Hartley JC, Bell J, Silver N, Losseff N, Stevenson S, Chapman M, Thompson EJ, Ridgway GL and Giovannoni G: Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection of the central nervous system in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 75:152–154. 2004.PubMed/NCBI
26	Victor VM and De La Fuente M: Changes in the superoxide production and other macrophage functions could be related to the mortality of mice with endotoxin-induced oxidative stress. Physiol Res. 52:101–110. 2003.PubMed/NCBI
27	Bohatschek M, Werner A and Raivich G: Systemic LPS injection leads to granulocyte influx into normal and injured brain: Effects of ICAM-1 deficiency. Exp Neurol. 172:137–152. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
28	Lehnardt S, Lachance C, Patrizi S, Lefebvre S, Follett PL, Jensen FE, Rosenberg PA, Volpe JJ and Vartanian T: The toll-like receptor TLR4 is necessary for lipopolysaccharide-induced oligodendrocyte injury in the CNS. J Neurosci. 22:2478–2486. 2002.PubMed/NCBI
29	Johnson KP, Brooks BR, Cohen JA, Ford CC, Goldstein J, Lisak RP, Myers LW, Panitch HS, Rose JW, Schiffer RB, et al: Extended use of glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) is well tolerated and maintains its clinical effect on multiple sclerosis relapse rate and degree of disability. Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Neurology. 50:701–708. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI