Keloids are benign tumors that originate from scar tissues, but they usually overgrow beyond the original wounds. In a three‑month single‑center clinical trial, 69 patients were randomly divided into three groups. Patients in group 1 were treated with intralesional injection of diprospan (2 mg betamethasone disodium phosphate and 5 mg betamethasone dipropionate in 1 ml) with one‑month intervals for three months. Patients in groups 2 and 3 were injected with a combination of 0.5 ml 5‑fluorouracil (5‑FU; 25 mg/ml) and diprospan as above for three months also. Prior to each injection, the keloids of patients in group 3 were additionally irradiated by a 1,064-nm neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser with a single pulse at an energy density of 90‑100 J/cm2 and a pulse width of 12 msec. Clinical responses were evaluated by patient self‑assessment and overall assessment by an observer according to the clinical signs of erythema, pruritus and pliability. A total of sixty‑two patients completed the tests of the present study. At 2 and 3 months, the patients in all treatment groups showed an acceptable improvement in nearly all measurements. At the end of the study, the erythema and toughness score was significantly reduced and itch reduction was significantly greater in the diprospan + 5‑FU + Nd:YAG group when compared to those in the other groups (P<0.05 for all indexes). The acceptable responses (good to excellent improvements) reported by blinded observers were as follows: 12% in the diprospan group, 48% in the diprospan + 5‑FU group and 69% in the diprospan + 5‑FU + Nd:YAG group. All of the results indicated that the combination of diprospan + 5‑FU + Nd:YAG was the most efficacious therapy for keloid scars.

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