The clinical efficacy of pulmonary surfactant (PS) combined with assisted ventilation was assessed for acute respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) management of term neonates. The total sample size was of 60 subjects. Group I: Experimental group, 30 cases were treated with standard of care with tracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation and PS (100-200 mg/kg). In case of hypoxaemia present even after 12 h standard of care was administered again, up to 4 times. Group II: Control group, 30 cases treated with conventional tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. PaO2, PaO2/FiO2 and X-ray were compared between the two groups after 24-h treatment. Analysis of the results indicate that the PS combined with ventilation can improve the clinical symptoms and blood gas analysis index of ARDS neonates. The PaO2, PaCO2, PaO2/FiO2 levels were improved in the two groups after treatment, the improvement effect of the experimental group was better than in the control group, P<0.05. The surfactant therapy is proved to be effective as preventive and rescue treatment of NRDS in term neonates. This result is supported by conventional concepts and clinical confirmation in patients with lung injury-associated respiratory failure.

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