Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (NCIO) is a new and effective treatment for cancer, but its efficacy in treating certain patients is unclear. We previously found that comorbidity was an independent factor associated with the pathological complete response (pCR) of non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to NCIO. However, we did not address which comorbidities or comorbidity indices were associated with pCR. The present study retrospectively collected the data for NSCLC patients who underwent NCIO after surgery at The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (Hunan, China) between January 2019 and July 2022. The associations between comorbidities/comorbidity indices and pCR rates/clinicopathological factors were analyzed. In total, 101 eligible patients with stage IIB‑IIIC NSCLC were enrolled. Comorbid hypertension [odds ratio (OR)=0.321(0.110‑0.937)], vascular disease [OR=0.275 (0.111‑0.677)] and cardiovascular disease [OR=0.272 (0.114‑0.646)] were all significantly associated with pCR (all P<0.05). The comorbidity indices Cumulative Illness Rating Scale‑Geriatric (CIRS‑G) ≥2 [OR=0.360 (0.154‑0.840)], CIRS‑G ≥3 [OR=0.404 (0.179‑0.912)], CIRS‑G ≥4 [OR=0.293 (0.105‑0.817)] and Adult Comorbidity Evaluation‑27 (ACE‑27) ≥2 [OR=0.427 (0.192‑0.950)] were all significantly associated with pCR (all P<0.05). Cardiovascular disease was the only independent risk factor for pCR [adjusted OR=0.272 (0.114‑0.646); P=0.003] according to multivariate logistic analysis. In conclusion, cardiovascular comorbidities and the CIRS‑G and ACE‑27 indices were associated with the effectiveness of NCIO and clinicopathological factors. These results could help to screen for the most suitable NSCLC patients for NCIO.

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