Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder primarily manifesting as either Multicentric CD (MCD) or Unicentric CD (UCD), with Unicentric Mesenteric CD (UMCD) representing a less common subtype within the UCD category. The present study presented an encounter with a 29‑year‑old male patient afflicted by UMCD, presenting with significant morbidity attributed to a sizable mesenteric mass. The diagnostic and therapeutic management of this condition posed notable challenges. In the absence of any additional abnormalities detected in auxiliary examinations, a distinct soft tissue density lesion in the abdominal region was revealed by computed tomography (CT). Despite the patient's reluctance to pursue further diagnostic procedures such as fine needle aspiration, a surgical approach was adopted under the suspicion of malignancy to establish a definitive diagnosis and implement treatment, confirming the condition as UMCD. Subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy was performed postoperatively. Fortunately, the patient achieved complete recovery, with no tumor recurrence observed during the 5‑year follow‑up period post‑surgery. Due to the special location of UMCD, its preoperative diagnosis posed challenges and the most effective treatment remains a topic of debate. The prevalent instances of delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis underscore a deficiency in comprehending the etiology and features of the disease, essential for advancing novel therapeutic strategies. CT imaging and pathological examination both play a crucial role in UMCD diagnosis. The present study supported surgery as the primary treatment modality for UMCD, with chemotherapy and immunotherapy offering additional benefits for appropriately selected patients.

Related Articles