Adrenic acid: A promising biomarker and therapeutic target (Review)

Wang,Ze; Gao,Haoyang; Ma,Xiaotong; Zhu,Danlin; Zhao,Linlin; Xiao,Weihua

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2024.5461

Adrenic acid: A promising biomarker and therapeutic target (Review)

Authors:
- Ze Wang
- Haoyang Gao
- Xiaotong Ma
- Danlin Zhu
- Linlin Zhao
- Weihua Xiao
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Affiliations: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Human Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
Published online on: November 19, 2024 https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2024.5461
Article Number: 20
Copyright: © Wang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Adrenic acid is a 22‑carbon unsaturated fatty acid that is widely present in the adrenal gland, liver, brain, kidney and vascular system that plays a regulatory role in various pathophysiological processes, such as inflammatory reactions, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, vascular function, and cell death. Adrenic acid is a potential biomarker for various ailments, including metabolic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In addition, adrenic acid is influenced by the pharmacological properties of several natural products, such as astragaloside IV, evodiamine, quercetin, kaempferol, Berberine‑baicalin and prebiotics, so it is a promising new target for clinical treatment and drug development. However, the molecular mechanisms by which adrenic acid exerts are unclear. The present study systematically reviewed the biosynthesis and metabolism of adrenic acid, focusing on intrinsic mechanisms that influence the progression of metabolic, cardiovascular and neurological disease. These mechanisms regulate several key processes, including immuno‑inflammatory response, oxidative stress, vascular function and cell death. In addition, the present study explored the potential clinical translational value of adrenic acid as a biomarker and therapeutic target. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is first systematic summary of the mechanisms of action of adrenic acid across a range of diseases. The present study provides understanding of the wide range of metabolic activities of adrenic acid and a basis for further exploring the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of various diseases.

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