Outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis

Takeda,Yu; Tomimaru,Yoshito; Yokota,Yuki; Noguchi,Kozo; Noura,Shingo; Imamura,Hiroshi; Iwazawa,Takashi; Akagi,Kenzo; Adachi,Shiro; Shirakawa,Toru; Dono,Keizo

doi:10.3892/mco.2019.1884

Outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis

Authors:
- Yu Takeda
- Yoshito Tomimaru
- Yuki Yokota
- Kozo Noguchi
- Shingo Noura
- Hiroshi Imamura
- Takashi Iwazawa
- Kenzo Akagi
- Shiro Adachi
- Toru Shirakawa
- Keizo Dono
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Surgery, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‑8565, Japan, Department of Pathology, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Toyonaka, Osaka 560‑8565, Japan
Published online on: June 20, 2019 https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2019.1884
Pages: 279-284

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) is a rare inflammatory disease of the gallbladder with distinct histopathological characteristics. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is currently the standard treatment for gallbladder disease. However, the outcomes of LC for XGC have not been completely investigated, due to the rarity of XGC. The present study aimed to assess the surgical outcomes of LC for XGC. Among 3,037 patients undergoing cholecystectomy between 2005 and 2017 at our institution, 58 patients (1.9%) were diagnosed with XGC based on histopathology. Of the patients, LC was performed in 38 (65.5%), and they were enrolled in the present study. The outcome of LC for XGC in the cases was assessed, and was compared with outcomes of LC for other diseases. The average operation time was 109±36 min, and average intraoperative blood loss was 58±85 ml. LC was converted to open cholecystectomy in 6 (15.8%) of the 38 cases. No operative mortality occurred. One patient developed postoperative complications greater than grade II in the Clavien‑Dindo classification, and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 6.1±5.8 days. Based on previous reports and the nature of XGC itself, the outcomes reported herein of LC for XGC seemed acceptable. It should be also noted that LC for XGC exhibited a higher conversion rate compared with LC than other benign gallbladder diseases, implying that LC for XGC remains challenging.

View Figures

View References

1	Houston JP, Collins MC, Cameron I, Reed MW, Parsons MA and Roberts KM: Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Br J Surg. 81:1030–1032. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2	Goodman ZD and Ishak KG: Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Am J Surg Pathol. 5:653–659. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Christensen AH and Ishak KG: Benign tumors and pseudotumors of the gallbladder. Report of 180 cases. Arch Pathol. 90:423–432. 1970.PubMed/NCBI
4	Kiviluoto T, Siren J, Luukkonen P and Kivilaakso E: Randomised trial of laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy for acute and gangrenous cholecystitis. Lancet. 351:321–325. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Coccolini F, Catena F, Pisano M, Gheza F, Fagiuoli S, Di Saverio S, Leandro G, Montori G, Ceresoli M, Corbella D, et al: Open versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 18:196–204. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6	Boo YJ, Kim WB, Kim J, Song TJ, Choi SY, Kim YC and Suh SO: Systemic immune response after open versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis: A prospective randomized study. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 67:207–214. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Alvi AR, Jalbani I, Murtaza G and Hameed A: Outcomes of Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis in laparoscopic era: A retrospective Cohort study. J Minim Access Surg. 9:109–115. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Qasaimeh GR, Matalqah I, Bakkar S, Al Omari A and Qasaimeh M: Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis in the laparoscopic era is still a challenging disease. J Gastrointest Surg. 19:1036–1042. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	Park JW, Kim KH, Kim SJ and Lee SK: Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: Is an initial laparoscopic approach feasible? Surg Endosc. 31:5289–5294. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10	Srinivas GN, Sinha S, Ryley N and Houghton PW: Perfidious gallbladders - a diagnostic dilemma with xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 89:168–172. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	Wang M, Zhang T, Zang L, Lu A, Mao Z, Li J, Dong F, Hu W, Jiang Y and Zheng M: Surgical treatment for xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: A report of 74 cases. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 19:231–233. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Guzman-Valdivia G: Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis in laparoscopic surgery. J Gastrointest Surg. 9:494–497. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Han SH and Chen YL: Diagnosis and treatment of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: A report of 39 cases. Cell Biochem Biophys. 64:131–135. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	Jetley S, Rana S, Khan RN and Jairajpuri ZS: Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis-a diagnostic challenge. J Indian Med Assoc. 110:833–837. 2012.PubMed/NCBI
15	Kim JH, Jeong IH, Yoo BM, Kim JH, Kim MW and Kim WH: Is xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis the most difficult for laparoscopic cholecystectomy? Hepatogastroenterology. 56:597–601. 2009.PubMed/NCBI
16	Noda T, Hatano H, Dono K, Shimizu J, Oshima K, Tanida T, Miyake M, Komori T, Kawanishi K, Morita S, et al: Safety of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for patients with acute cholecystitis undergoing antiplatelet or anticoagulation therapy: A single-institution experience. Hepatogastroenterology. 61:1501–1506. 2014.PubMed/NCBI
17	Yoshihara T, Tomimaru Y, Noguchi K, Nagase H, Hamabe A, Hirota M, Oshima K, Tanida T, Morita S, Imamura H, et al: Feasibility of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with cerebrospinal fluid shunt. Asian J Endosc Surg. 10:394–398. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18	Shinke G, Noda T, Hatano H, Shimizu J, Hirota M, Takata A, Oshima K, Tanida T, Komori T, Morita S, et al: Feasibility and safety of urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis after 4 days from symptom onset. J Gastrointest Surg. 19:1787–1793. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19	Strasberg SM, Hertl M and Soper NJ: An analysis of the problem of biliary injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Am Coll Surg. 180:101–125. 1995.PubMed/NCBI
20	Dindo D, Demartines N and Clavien PA: Classification of surgical complications: A new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6,336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg. 240:205–213. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
21	Vandenbroucke JP, von Elm E, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, Mulrow CD, Pocock SJ, Poole C, Schlesselman JJ and Egger M; STROBE Initiative, : Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. 4:e2972007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
22	von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC and Vandenbroucke JP; STROBE Initiative, : The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet. 370:1453–1457. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23	Ghosh M, Sakhuja P and Agarwal AK: Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: A premalignant condition? Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 10:179–184. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24	Yang T, Zhang BH, Zhang J, Zhang YJ, Jiang XQ and Wu MC: Surgical treatment of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: Experience in 33 cases. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 6:504–508. 2007.PubMed/NCBI