Indirect effects of X-irradiation on proliferation and osteogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a local irradiated rat model

Sun,Ruilian; Zhu,Guoying; Wang,Jianping; Tong,Ling; Zhai,Jianglong

doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.6464

Indirect effects of X-irradiation on proliferation and osteogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a local irradiated rat model

Authors:
- Ruilian Sun
- Guoying Zhu
- Jianping Wang
- Ling Tong
- Jianglong Zhai
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Affiliations: Department of Radiation Protection, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
Published online on: April 12, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6464
Pages: 3706-3714
Copyright: © Sun et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Cancer survivors after radiotherapy may suffer a variety of bone‑related adverse side effects, including radioactive osteoporosis and fractures. Localized irradiation is a common treatment modality for malignancies. Recently, a series of reactions and injuries called indirect effects (remote changes in bone when other parts of the body are irradiated) have been reported on the indirect irradiated area of bone tissue after radiotherapy. To address this issue, we developed a rat localized irradiation model. Rats were irradiated with a single dose of X-rays to the left hind limbs, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were isolated from bone marrow of the left (direct irradiated) and right (indirect irradiated) hind limbs 3, 7 and 14 days after irradiation, and assayed for the proliferation ability and osteogenic potential by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization assay, RT‑PCR and western blot analysis. The results showed that there were significant morphology changes in the BMMSCs from direct and indirect irradiated bone tissue with bigger cell bodies and increased granules. The proliferation of BMMSCs decreased both in the direct irradiated and non‑irradiated bone tissue. The ALP expression and activities of BMMSCs from direct irradiated bone was consistently defected following a transient enhancement, the mRNA levels of RUNX2 and OCN, the protein expression of RUNX2, and the mineralization ability also showed the same trend. Simultaneously, in indirect irradiated group, the osteogenic potential indicators of BMMSCs decreased in the early stage of post‑irradiation and were still impaired 14 days after irradiation. Our data demonstrate that localized irradiation may have both direct and indirect adverse effects on BMMSCs' proliferation and osteogenic potential into osteoblast, which may be the mechanism of radiation-induced abscopal impairment to the skeleton in the cancer radiotherapy-induced bone loss.

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