Effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer extract on the offspring of adult mice with maternal immune activation

Kim,Hak‑Jae; Won,Hansol; Im,Jiyun; Lee,Hwayoung; Park,Jiwoo; Lee,Sanghyun; Kim,Young‑Ock; Kim,Hyung‑Ki; Kwon,Jun‑Tack

doi:10.3892/mmr.2018.9417

Effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer extract on the offspring of adult mice with maternal immune activation

Authors:
- Hak‑Jae Kim
- Hansol Won
- Jiyun Im
- Hwayoung Lee
- Jiwoo Park
- Sanghyun Lee
- Young‑Ock Kim
- Hyung‑Ki Kim
- Jun‑Tack Kwon
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Affiliations: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam 31151, Republic of Korea, Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung‑Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi 17546, Republic of Korea, Department of Bio‑Medical Convergence Development, International St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
Published online on: August 22, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.9417
Pages: 3834-3842
Copyright: © Kim et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

To understand maternal immune activation (MIA) during prenatal development, the synthetic double‑stranded RNA polyriboinosinic‑polyribocytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] has been widely used in animal models to induce behavioral deficits similar to those in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (PG) extract is widely used to treat various kinds of nervous system disorders in Asia particularly China and Korea. The present study aimed to examine the effects of PG extract on MIA offspring using behavioral activity tests and protein expression analyses. Pregnant mice were exposed to poly(I:C) (5 mg/kg) or vehicle treatment on gestation day 9, and the resulting MIA offspring were subjected to vehicle or PG (300 mg/kg) treatment. In the acoustic startle response test, MIA‑induced sensorimotor gating deficit was ameliorated by PG. The majority of behavioral parameters measured in the social interaction (non‑aggressive or/and aggressive pattern), open field (number/duration of behavior) and forced swimming test (immobility behavior) were significantly altered in the MIA offspring. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of the medial prefrontal cortex indicated that the expression levels of certain neurodevelopmental proteins, including dihydropyrimidinase‑related 2, LIM and SH3 domain 1, neurofilament medium, and discs large homolog 4, were decreased in the untreated MIA offspring, whereas PG treatment improved behavioral impairments and increased neurodevelopmental protein expression in MIA offspring. These results suggested that PG may be useful in neurodevelopmental disorder therapy, including psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, owing to its antipsychotic effects.

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