Open Access

A combination of PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitors: The prospect of overcoming the weakness of tumor immunotherapy (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Xianbin Kong
    • Peng Lu
    • Chuanxin Liu
    • Yuzhu Guo
    • Yuying Yang
    • Yingying Peng
    • Fangyuan Wang
    • Zhichao Bo
    • Xiaoxin Dou
    • Haoyang Shi
    • Jingyan Meng
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: March 16, 2021     https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12001
  • Article Number: 362
  • Copyright: © Kong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Programmed cell death protein‑1 (PD‑1)/programmed death protein ligand‑1 (PD‑L1) inhibitors for treatment of a various types of cancers have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. However, PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitors are associated with a low response rate and are only effective on a small number of patients with cancer. Development of an anti‑PD‑1/PD‑L1 sensitizer for improving response rate and effectiveness of immunotherapy is a challenge. The present study reviews the synergistic effects of PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitor with oncolytic virus, tumor vaccine, molecular targeted drugs, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, intestinal flora and traditional Chinese medicine, to provide information for development of effective combination therapies.
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May-2021
Volume 23 Issue 5

Print ISSN: 1791-2997
Online ISSN:1791-3004

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Kong X, Lu P, Liu C, Guo Y, Yang Y, Peng Y, Wang F, Bo Z, Dou X, Shi H, Shi H, et al: A combination of PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitors: The prospect of overcoming the weakness of tumor immunotherapy (Review). Mol Med Rep 23: 362, 2021.
APA
Kong, X., Lu, P., Liu, C., Guo, Y., Yang, Y., Peng, Y. ... Meng, J. (2021). A combination of PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitors: The prospect of overcoming the weakness of tumor immunotherapy (Review). Molecular Medicine Reports, 23, 362. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12001
MLA
Kong, X., Lu, P., Liu, C., Guo, Y., Yang, Y., Peng, Y., Wang, F., Bo, Z., Dou, X., Shi, H., Meng, J."A combination of PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitors: The prospect of overcoming the weakness of tumor immunotherapy (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 23.5 (2021): 362.
Chicago
Kong, X., Lu, P., Liu, C., Guo, Y., Yang, Y., Peng, Y., Wang, F., Bo, Z., Dou, X., Shi, H., Meng, J."A combination of PD‑1/PD‑L1 inhibitors: The prospect of overcoming the weakness of tumor immunotherapy (Review)". Molecular Medicine Reports 23, no. 5 (2021): 362. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2021.12001