Open Access

Pinus thunbergii bark extract rich in flavonoids promotes hair growth in dorsal skin by regulating inflammatory cytokines and increasing growth factors in mice

  • Authors:
    • Young Her
    • Tae-Kyeong Lee
    • Hyejin Sim
    • Jae-Chul Lee
    • Dae Won Kim
    • Soo Young Choi
    • Jun Kee Hong
    • Ji-Won Lee
    • Jong-Dai Kim
    • Moo-Ho Won
    • Sung-Su Kim
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: January 25, 2022     https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2022.12616
  • Article Number: 100
  • Copyright: © Her et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Korean maritime pine bark (Pinus thunbergii) has been used as an alternative medicine due to its beneficial properties, including anti‑inflammatory effects. To date, the anti‑inflammatory and hair growth‑promoting effects of Pinus densiflora bark extract have remained elusive. Therefore, in the present study, Pinus thunbergii bark was extracted with pure water (100˚C) and the extract was examined to determine its polyphenol and flavonoid content. C57BL/6 mice were used to assess the effects of the extract to promote hair growth. The extract (1, 2 and 4%) was topically applied onto shaved dorsal skin and hair growth was observed for 17 days. A significant increase in hair growth was observed with 2 and 4% extract. Based on this finding, the optimal dose of the extract for effective hair growth promotion was determined to be 2%. The mechanisms of hair growth promotion were investigated via immunohistochemical analysis of changes in inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in the hair follicles following treatment with 2% extract. The treatment reduced the levels of TNF‑α and IL‑1β, which are pro‑inflammatory cytokines, while it enhanced the levels of IL‑4 and IL‑13, which are anti‑inflammatory cytokines, in the hair follicles. In addition, elevated insulin‑like growth factor I and vascular epidermal growth factor were detected in hair follicles following treatment. Based on these findings, it was suggested that the extract of Pinus thunbergii bark may be utilized for hair loss prevention and/or hair growth promotion.
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March-2022
Volume 25 Issue 3

Print ISSN: 1791-2997
Online ISSN:1791-3004

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Her Y, Lee T, Sim H, Lee J, Kim DW, Choi SY, Hong JK, Lee J, Kim J, Won M, Won M, et al: <em>Pinus thunbergii</em> bark extract rich in flavonoids promotes hair growth in dorsal skin by regulating inflammatory cytokines and increasing growth factors in mice. Mol Med Rep 25: 100, 2022.
APA
Her, Y., Lee, T., Sim, H., Lee, J., Kim, D.W., Choi, S.Y. ... Kim, S. (2022). <em>Pinus thunbergii</em> bark extract rich in flavonoids promotes hair growth in dorsal skin by regulating inflammatory cytokines and increasing growth factors in mice. Molecular Medicine Reports, 25, 100. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2022.12616
MLA
Her, Y., Lee, T., Sim, H., Lee, J., Kim, D. W., Choi, S. Y., Hong, J. K., Lee, J., Kim, J., Won, M., Kim, S."<em>Pinus thunbergii</em> bark extract rich in flavonoids promotes hair growth in dorsal skin by regulating inflammatory cytokines and increasing growth factors in mice". Molecular Medicine Reports 25.3 (2022): 100.
Chicago
Her, Y., Lee, T., Sim, H., Lee, J., Kim, D. W., Choi, S. Y., Hong, J. K., Lee, J., Kim, J., Won, M., Kim, S."<em>Pinus thunbergii</em> bark extract rich in flavonoids promotes hair growth in dorsal skin by regulating inflammatory cytokines and increasing growth factors in mice". Molecular Medicine Reports 25, no. 3 (2022): 100. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2022.12616